The Relationship between Head Circumference and Recall of a List Words Essay Example for Free

The Relationship betwixt draw Circumference and Rec wholly of a List Words EssayABSTRACTThis laboratory taste and report aims on identifying whether witpower electric circuit has a evidential relationship with the recall of enumerate of langu duration. In this experiment, the researcher has asked 80 (68 young-bearing(prenominal)s and 12 males) students to participate in the experiment and each were given a meet to memorise the 30 terminology provided by the researcher. Beca part of the incomplete response of some participants and extreme values, the researcher opted to single-valued function only 61 females and 7 males (68 participants) in the data analysis. Through the use of the SPSS, the arena has set up that at that place is a weak corroboratory coefficient of correlational statistics amongst the cardinal given variants. This means that the recalling skills of the participants are significantly relevant with their gaffer circuit or organize surfa ce.INTRODUCTIONCognitive psychology is the field of how the fountainhead processes information. In more e reallyday terms, it is ab come forward(p) the mental processes involved in acquiring and making use of knowledge and experience gained from our senses (Esgate, 2004). The main processes involved in cognition are perception, learning, storage storage, retrieval and thinking, all of which are terms that are utilize in everyday speech and therefore already beaten(prenominal) to virtually people.In some research studies, there has been evidence among elderly people with larger head size function better on tests of cognitive function (Reynolds et al, 1999). As noted by psychologists, an mature head size or circumference is considered to give an appropriate estimate for maximal attained brain circumference (Wickett et al., 2000), such findings have been inferred as a supporting evidence of the theory which optimal neurological wear outment in early phases of life can provide barrier against pathological activities that can mould cognitive performance as they reached their old age ( shit, 2002).However, as the size of the head is relevant to light test scores among young adults, psychologists have noted some possible relations which have been found between head circumference and the cognitive function in elderly people (Deary et al., 2000).In mental process, some psychologists are trying to determine the relationship between head circumference and recall of a list terminology. In a break down conducted by Gale, Walton and Matyn (2003) which investigated the cognitive function of elderly people and head circumferences, they have concluded that there is no relationship between cognitive function (memory recall) and head circumference.However, the study have also shown that people with larger head circumference as an adult gained comparatively high scores n the in supposeigence test on both testing events and were slight likely to develop a twiligh t in memory performance over the follow-up period in the study. single other hand, in a cross-sectional study conducted among 818 health older individuals, the researchers have found out that the head circumference is related to performance on global cognitive functioning, tests measuring intelligence and run of information processing. However, this study has revealed that head circumference or size has not been significantly related with memory functions (Tisserand et al, 2001).In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to conduct an analysis on the relationship of head circumference and recall of a list dustup. Thus, this study will work on the following possible action there is a significant relationship between the head circumference and recall of a list words.METHODThis study was conducted in order to assess the relationship of head circumference and recall of list words among students. In order to achieve the accusive of the study and to the hypothesis, the descripti ve method of research was utilized. The enjoyment of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to look for the cause or causes of a particular condition.The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to win first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. In terms of approach, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative approach focuse on obtaining numerical findings was used with the laboratory experiments.The correlation research refers to studies in which the purpose is to discover relationships between variables through the use of correlation statistics (r). The square of a correlation coefficient yields the explained variance (r-squ ared). A correlational relationship between two variables is on occasion the result of an outside source, so we have to be careful and remember that correlation does not needfully tell us about cause and effect. If a strong relationship is found between two variables, using an experimental approach can test causality.To assess the strength of relationship between variables, it is Copernican to get the correlation coefficient, which can take on any value between -1 and +1, since this will tell the strength of the relationship between two ranked or quantifiable variables (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 363).Accordingly, a value of +1 represents a perfect positive correlation, which means that the two variables are exactly related, where, as the values of i variable increase, values of the other variable will increase. Conversely, a value of -1 shows a perfect oppose correlation, which also means that the two variables are exactly related, only this time, as the values of one variable in crease, that of the other decreases. Finally, correlation coefficients between +1 and -1 stand for weaker positive and negative correlations, and a value of 0 means that the variables are completely independent from each other. tabularise 1 Values of CorrelationTo helper the researcher in the statistical analysis of the collect data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. SPSS is one of the most widely available and powerful statistical software packages that covers a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a researcher to summarise data (e.g., compute means and standard deviations), determine whether there are significant differences between groups (e.g., t-tests, analysis of variance), examine relationships among variables (e.g., correlation, multiple regression), and graph results (e.g., bar charts, line graphs) (Einstein and Abernethy, 2000).PARTICIPANTSTo gather pertinent information, the students were elect as the respondents or particip ants for this laboratory study. The participants of this study composed of 68 females and 12 males. However, only 61 female students and seven males were considered to be analysed due to incomplete responses and extreme values.MATERIALSFor this study, the experiment has used 30 words which has been shown among the elect students. Note that the words used ranges from 3-letter words to 4-letter words and have one and two syllables. The data gathered using these words, will determine whether there is a significant relationship between head size or circumference and recall of list words.PROCEDURETo achieve the objective of the study, the head circumference or size of the students were measured. The measurement of head circumference ranges from 53-62. In this study, the students/participants were asked to read or memorize 30 words which have been given preceding(prenominal). After which the students have asked to mention what words did they recall and the researcher lists the number of words mentioned by the respondents. The scores of the students and the measure of their circumference were used for the analysis of the correlation.RESULTSignificant Relations of Head Circumference and Recall Using SPSS, the descriptive statistics and correlation of the variables were analysed. The result of the analysis were shown in tables and diagrams below.Descriptive Statistics hedge 2MeanStd. DeviationNHead Circumference57.0152.0668Recalled List of Words16.873.54CorrelationsTable 3Head CircumferenceRecalled List of WordsHead CircumferencePearson CorrelationSign (2-Tailed )N1.68**.315000.68Recalled List of WordsPearson CorrelationSign (2-Tailed )N315.**000.681.68**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)number 1Scattered DiagramFigure 2DISCUSSIONGiven the data gathered from the laboratory experiment, analysis shows that the average of the head size of the students is 57.015 and the recalled words mean average is 16.87 out of 30 words. The correlations table displ ays Pearson correlation coefficients, significance values, and the number of cases with non-missing values. Pearson correlation coefficients assume the data are normally distributed. The Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of linear association between two variables.Basically, the values of the correlation coefficient range from -1 to 1. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). The secure value of the coefficient of correlation signifies the strength, with larger absolute values showing stronger relationships. The correlation coefficients on the main one-sided are always 1.0, because each variable has a perfect positive linear relationship with itself. Correlations above the main diagonal are a mirror image of those below.In our data, the correlation coefficient for head circumference (independent) and recall from lists of words (dependent) is 0.315. Since 0.315 is relatively close to 1 or -1 this indicate s that head circumference (independent) is weak positive correlated with the recall of list of words (dependent).The significance of each correlation coefficient is also displayed in the correlation table. The significance level (or p-value) is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the one observed. If the significance level is very small (less than 0.05) then the correlation is significant and the two variables are linearly related. If the significance level is relatively large, for example, 0.50, then the correlation is not significant and the two variables are not linearly related. In this result, since the p-value is less than 0.05, then the two variables are not significantBased on the given data, it has been found out that head circumference has a weak positive relation with the recall of lists words. In this regard, the research accepts the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between head circumference and recall of lists of words among students. In the scattered diagram, it can be said that there is a vague relationship between the two variables. In this regard, it can be said that head size of the students may affect the number of words recalled by the students.CONCLUSIONBased on the findings of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the instrument used in this study as well as the method used to achieve its primary objective has been efficient and effective. The findings have shown that the head size or circumference of the students who took part of the study have a weak positive relation with the number of words they recalled out of 30 words provided by the researcher. This study further concluded that the memory function of an individual can be measured through the head circumference or head size of such individual.ReferenceCreswell, J.W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. thou Oaks, California Sage.Deary IJ, Whalley LJ, Lemmon H, Crawford JR, Starr JM (2000). The stability of indivi dual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey. Intelligence 28 4955Esgate, A. et al (2004). An introduction to apply cognitive psychology. Psychology Press. Hove, England.Gale, CR, Walton, S and Martyn, CN (2003). Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age. Brain, Vol. 126, No. 10, 2273-2278,Reynolds MD, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. (1999). Small head size is related to low Mini-Mental defer Examination scores in a community sample of nondemented older adults. Neurology 53 2289.Stern Y. (2000). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 8 44860Tisserand, DJ, Bosma, H, wagon train Boxtel, MPJ and Jolles, J. (2001). 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