A Two Port Network Biology Essay

A two expression Ne devilrk Biology EssayA 2- user interface net incomea potpourri offour-terminal net incomeor quadripole is anelectrical interlock circle or whirl with two pairsof terminals to connect to external circuits. Two terminals constitute a carriageif the currents utilize to them satisfy the essential requirement known as the behavior condition theelectric current entering unity terminal essential equal the current emerging from the other. The sorts constitute interfaces where the network connects to other networks, the points where signals ar applied or outputs be taken. In a two-port network, often port 1 is considered the stimulation port and port 2 is considered the output port.The two-port network model is apply in mathematicalcircuit analysis techniques to discriminate portions of larger circuits. A two-port network is regarded as a black rap with its properties specified by a matrixof considers. This totallyows the rejoinder of the network to si gnals applied to the ports to be calculated easily, without solving for all the internal potential leavings and currents in the network. It as well allows similar circuits or devices to be comp bed easily. For example, transistors are often regarded as two-ports, characterized by their h-para grands (see at a lower place) which are listed by the manufacturer. Anylinear circuitwith four terminals puke be regarded as a two-port network provided that it does not contain an self-reliant source and satisfies the port conditions.Examples of circuits analysed as two-ports arefilters,matching networks, transmittal lines, transformers, and splendid-signal modelsfor transistors (such as thehybrid-pi model). The analysis of passive two-port networks is an outgrowth ofreciprocity theoremsfirst derived by Lorentz. In two-port mathematical models, the network is described by a 2 by 2 square matrix ofcomplex numbers. The common models that are used are referred to asz- lines,y-parameters,h- parameters,g-parameters, andABCD-parameters, each described psychely below. These are all limited to linear networks since an chthonianlying assumption of their derivation is that any appendicted circuit condition is a linear super coiffure of various frustrate and open circuit conditions. They are usually expressed in matrix notation, and they establish relations between the variables (Two- air earningss. (n.d.). InWikipedia. Retrieved October 25, 20012, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-port_network)The audition is divided into two parts Part 1 is focused on determining two-port network parameters (admittance and transmission parameters only). The process of measurement and calculations will be briefly illustrated in Theoretical Supplement part. We are aiming to investigate the relationships between the individual parameters and the parameters of two-port networks in go down and parallel. Part 2 is focused on finding out the casual responses in two-port networks contai ning capacitive and inductive reactances.Theoretical SupplementsMeasurement of accession (Y-) ParametersThe equations to determine the parameters areI1 = y11V1 + y12V2I2 = y21V1 + y22V2i.e. I = Y.VY =y11 y12y21 y22whereare the Y parameters of the two-port network. Experimentally these parameters poop be fixed by short circuiting the ports, one at a time. in that respectfrom these parameters are besides termed as short-circuit admittance parameters.The following diagrams lay out the method to calculate the parametersWhen output port is shorted (as shown in solve 2 below)V2 = 0.1 visualize 2y11 = I1 / V1y21 = I2 / V1When stimulant drug port is shorted (as shown in guess 3 below)V1 = 02 code3y12 = I1 / V2y22 = I2 / V2Measurement of Transmission ParametersThe equations to determine the parameters areV1 = AV2 BI2I1 = CV2 DI2Or3Where t is the transmission parameters of the two-port network.Experimentally, the t-parameters can be obtained by short circuiting and open circuiting the output one at a time.The following procedure shows how to calculate the parametersOutput port is open-circuitedi.e. I2 = 04Figure4A = V1 / V2C = I1 / V2Output port is short-circuitedi.e. V2 = 01Figure5B = V1 / I2D = I1 / I2Cascade Interconnection of two 2-port profitsConsidering the 2 networks A and B which are attached in cascade, as shown in Figure 6 below. From this the transmission parameters of the feature cascaded network (N) is obtained. The method is demonstrate below.5Figure 6tN = tA.tB7 wherefore, the following result is obtained.8Parallel Interconnection of two 2- style communicatesConsidering the two networks A and B which connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 7 below. The overall y-parameters of the unite network N can be obtained as follows6Figure 7I1 = I1A + I1BI2 = I2A + I2BV1 = V1A = V1BV2 = V2A = V2BAndHDropboxCamera Uploads2012-10-25 05.41.34.jpgIt can be seen that the overall Y-parameters can be obtained by summing the corresponding Y-parameters o f individual networks A and B, when the A and B networks are not altered by the parallel connection. fugitive resolutions of Two-Port NetworksDamping Ratio is delineate as the ratio of the actual resistance in damped harmonic enquiry to that necessary to produce critical damping. It is also known as sexual relation damping ratio. We divide the transient responses into three types on the basis of damping ratio ,oer damped response ( 1),Under damped response ( Critically damped response ( = 1).The various conditions say above are described in detail below.Over damped Response In this character the roots of the peculiarity equation are corporeal and distinct. The solution to the stimulus signal is a decaying exponential function with no quiverings and the transient response will be over damped. The response to the input signal is slow and has no overshoots or undershoots.Under damped The roots are complex in this case. The transient response will be under damped when Critica lly damped When = 1, the roots are real and equal, and the transient response to the input signal will be critically damped. There will be no oscillations whatsoever. This case is a desirable outcome in many an(prenominal) industries.In this experiment, we are mainly using the second type, which is the under damped response.And the characteristic equation is demonstraten byS2 + 2nS + n2wheren = undamped subjective oftenness = 1/( LC )n (1 2 ) = damped natural frequenceA484D667-ABED-4193-B38C-40120C378004 = damping ratio = pull ahead critical details have been illustrated in the Appendix B of science laboratory manual of Experiment L212.ObjectivesTo measure the admittance-parameters and transmission parameters of two-port networkTo investigate the relationships between individual network parameters and two-port networks in cascade and parallel connectionsTo study the transient response of a two-port network containing capacitive and inductive reactances.EquipmentDigital ret entivity OscilloscopeFunction Generator (50)Digital MultimeterInductor with 2 inductance timbersCapacitors 22F, degree CelsiusFResistors 33, 100 (2 numbers), 220, 330, 560, 680, 3.9k, 4.7k (2 numbers), 5.6k, 6.8kBread-board operationMeasurement of Admittance-Parameters and Transmission Parameters and to investigate the relationships between individual network parameters and two port networks in cascade and parallel connections setup A pertain the resistive network A as shown in Figure 8 below.With the network connected in the circuit, apply a curving potentiality of 1 kHz, and amplitude 10 volts from distri entirelyor point to peak atPort 1 with port 2 open-circuitedPort 1 with port 2 short-circuitedPort 2 with port 1 short-circuitedIn each case measure the voltage and current at the input and output terminalsThe input voltage is mensural by observing the peak to peak look upon on the scope of the background while the output voltage is measured with the digital meter. post pone the results in display panel 1. (all the set measured should be in rms)Figure 8 The resistive network ADA60CACE-9B44-4522-A111-F57AC9F95897 apparatus BConnect the resistive network as shown in the Figure 9 below.With the network connected in the circuit, apply an analogous sinusoidal voltage as in Setup A atPort 1 with port 2 open-circuitedPort 1 with port 2 short-circuitedPort 2 with port 1 short-circuitedMeasure the identical nurture as in Setup A in the same way.Tabulate the results in the same mesa 1.0536D217-3D48-4F28-B37B-77F1CB823EEAFigure 9 The Resistive Network BCascaded SetupConnect the networks A and B in cascade as shown in the Figure 10 below.Measure the identical parameters with the identical voltage and applying the voltage at the same positions as was done in the previous two setups A B.Tabulate the readings in Table 1 again.32E83E0D-6633-4D97-A59B-4374AF22F541Figure 10 The Cascaded Network of Networks A BParallel SetupReconnect the individual networks A B in parallel as shown in Figure 12 below. usurp the same procedures above with the same voltage as above to this network.Tabulate the readings in Table 1.591F8FFC-7083-4E49-88AD-96E019FAD63CFigure 12 The Parallel Network of Networks A BTable 1 ( whole value in rms)ResultsI2 = 0V2 = 0V1 = 0I1 (mA)V1 (V)V2 (V)I1 (mA)I2 (mA)V1 (V)I1 (mA)I2 (mA)V2 (V)Network A(measured)2.383.452.525.093.823.454.005.653.46Network B(measured)0.723.493.223.272.823.452.893.183.45Cascaded(measured)2.663.472.073.421.313.44Parallel(measured)13.2811.593.4610.3412.553.46QuestionsThe voltages V1 and V2 should not be connected to product line 1 and 2 of the scope simultaneously. Why?It can be observed from the circuit that both the ports V1 and V2 have different grounds. If V1 and V2 are connected simultaneously to channel 1 and 2 of oscilloscope various(prenominal)ly, then the ground terminals of V1 and V2 will be short-circuited as they are connected through the oscilloscope. This would change the circuits c onfiguration and would give us the readings for a completely different circuit which would differ a great deal from the accurate set.What should you do to the readings of peak to peak voltage in order to make them compatible with the currents measured by the digital meter?The relationship between peak to peak values and its respective rms values ispeak to peak voltage = 2 x 2 x rms voltageThe current measured by the digital meter is in root-mean-square value (rms). So it is mandatory to convert the peak to peak voltages to its rms value in order to be compatible with the currents measured by the digital meter. Hence the peak to peak value is divided by 2 x 2 to so that it is compatible with the currents measured by the digital meter.Compare the a priori results with the measurement readings recorded in Table 1 for the interconnected two-port networks. Explain any of the differences in the two sets of results.Two kinds of parameters values are calculated and shown in Table 2 and Ta ble 3. With this parameter values we can compare the difference in values of the measurement and theoretical readings.The parameter values in Table 2 shown below are specify asWhen the output-port is open, I2 = 0 thusA = V1 /V2C = I1/V2When the output port is shorted, V2 = 0HenceB = V1/I2D = I1/I2And Cascade (theoretical) is obtained by tN = tA . tBTransmission parametersABCDNetwork A(measured)1.36677.800.000941.33Network B(measured)1.081223.400.000221.16Cascade(theoretical) (Network A*Network B)1.622450.070.00132.69Cascade(measured)1.682625.950.001292.61 destiny difference between cascade (measured) and (theoretical)3.70%6.69%0.78%3.07%Table 2As it can be seen from the Table 2 above that there are slight differences between the theoretical and experimental results of the transmission parameters of the individual network and the interconnected two-port networks. The difference is observed due to the experimental pitying errors, tolerance levels of undergrounds in networks and sli ght deviation due to the slight inaccuracy of equipment.The parameter values in Table 3 shown below are defined asWhen the output port is shorted, V2 = 0. Theny11 = I1 /V1y21 = I2/V1When the input port is shorted, V1= 0. Theny12 = I1/V2y22 = I2/V2And Parallel (theoretical) is obtained by Network A values + Network B valuesTable 3 Admittance ParametersAdmittance parametersy11y12y21y22Network A(measured)0.001480.001560.001070.00163Network B(measured)0.000950.000840.000820.00092Parallel (theoretical)(Network A+Network B)0.002430.002400.001890.00255Parallel(measured)0.003840.002990.003350.00363Percentage difference between Parallel(measured) and Parallel (theoretical)36.72%19.73%43.58%29.75%From Table 3, it can be observed that the difference between experimental and theoretical admittance parameters are quite large. The large difference is due to the same experimental errors and small tolerance of resistors or the existing voltage drop of the multimeter.Measurement of momentary Respon se of Two-Port NetworksECB52EDE-2A5E-423C-AE62-ECF870EBA09CFigure 13Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure 13 above with C = 22 F use a remembering scope and with the inductance setting at position 1, inject 10V peak to peak square wave at V1. ask frequence f of the input voltage such that the square waves conduct edge simulate a step input with the transient response completed before the next voltage change. The frequency f is chosen to be about 4 Hz.Record the output wave form V2 with the storage oscilloscope. Sketch the waveforms and when the waveforms have been captured, use the oscilloscope cursor to measure the oscillation period T and the voltages Va and Vb as shown in the Figure 14 below.The waveform is shown in Figure i) below.71B3E9F8-C513-4F5A-9441-0C73C0A0C9B8V1 Input Voltage V2 Output Voltage prat Input signal period T Transient OscillationVa / Vb Transient Oscillation Voltage Ratio fulfilmentFigure 14Repeat the above procedure for the induction setting at position 2. The waveform is shown as in Figure ii) below.Repeat the procedure for the two inductor settings with the capacitor changed to 100F. The waveforms are show as Figure iii) and iv) below respectively.Add a resistor R2 of 33 in series with inductor L as shown in Figure 15 below and assume the inductor setting at position 1 with the capacitor = 100 F. The waveform is shown as in Figure v) below.Repeat all the procedures with R2 values of 100 and 220 . The waveform with R2 as 100 is shown in Figure vi) below.All measurements are recorded in Table 4 below.HDropboxCamera Uploads2012-10-25 06.12.32.jpgFigure 15Figure aFigure bFigure cFigure dFigure eFigure fFigure gConditionC=22FL = 1HC=22FL = 200mHC=100FL = 1HC=100FL = 200mHC=100FL = 1H and add R2=33C=100FL = 1H and add R2=100C=100FL = 1H and add R2=220T(ms)48.019.038.594.580.20Period = 253.0t1 =130.0t2 =46.00V2 =2.531Va(v)3.001.460.7911.801.6871.250Vb(v)0.6330.7000.4080.5160.37500.5000Table 4Waveform FiguresLAAADS0001.B MPFigure i)LAAADS0003.BMPFigure ii)LAAADS0006.BMPFigure iii)Figure iv)LAAADS0007.BMPLAAADS0008.BMPFigure v)Figure vi)LAAADS0009.BMPQuestionsWhy are square waves at a high frequency not used as input?Square waves at higher frequencies are not used as input because frequency is link up to time period by the relationship f = 1/T. So as the frequency is increased, the time period will fabricate shorter and shorter. So it will take shorter time for the output power levels to stabilize after(prenominal) the input circuit stops drawing power. Hence the waveform obtained from the oscilloscope will not be clear enough for proper distinction.What causes the step input voltage to become an oscillate output voltage?The vacillate output voltage is caused due to the presence of the two reactive elements in the circuit, the inductor and the capacitor. The effect of charging and discharging of the capacitor and inductor causes the output to become an oscillating voltage.What are the effects o f increasing the values of L and C?The undamped natural frequency n equals to 1/( LC ). If the values of L and C are increased, the undamped natural frequency will reduce simultaneously. Hence the oscillations will become more damped. Thus the number of output oscillations will reduce.Calculate the theoretical frequencies of oscillation and compare with the experimental results.The theoretical frequency is presumptuousness by the relation ft = 1/ (2 (LC)) Hz and the oscillation frequency is given by the relation f = 1/T. Using this relation we can tabulate the values.Figure aFigure bFigure cFigure dT(ms)48.019.038.594.51/T(Hz)20.8352.6325.9710.58ft (Hz)33.9375.8735.5915.92Percentage difference38.60%30.63%27.03%33.54%The difference in the values is caused by the tolerance levels of the reactive elements used in the circuit i.e. the inductor and the capacitor.Consider the circuit shown in Figure 13. reach the expression for the damping ratio of the circuit.A484D667-ABED-4193-B38C-4 0120C378004Damping Ratio is given by the economy, =The natural undamped frequency is given by the relation n = 1/ (LC). SinceR2 = 0, R1 = 330 and R3 = 100 , filiation the damping ratio of the circuit as shown in Figure 13, the result is = (L/C)/860. bring the condition for the underdamped response in Figure 13.From the derived result obtained above, = (L/C)/860. For an underdamped response, the damping ratio, , should be slight than 1, thus (L/C)/860 What is the effect of adding resistance R2 in the LC circuit?A484D667-ABED-4193-B38C-40120C378004According to the formula of damping ratio =When R2 is added, the total value of increases. Depending on the value of R2, 1, even if the number of undershoots and overshoots is reduced, the response will be slower.ConclusionThe parameters of the two-port network, especially the Y-parameters and Transmission parameters (A, B, C, D) were determined experimentally. They can also be calculated theoretically. This experiment is aimed at analyse the differences between the experimental and theoretical values. The relationship between individual network parameters and two-port networks in cascade and parallel connections were also investigated. The results obtained for these were shown in the calculations in the Questions answered previously. Hence if every individual parameter of the networks can be determined, the parameter of the combined system can be determined.Part 2 was focused on studying the transient responses of the experiment. The responses to the change of values in the RLC circuit in the two-port networks were recorded. By varying the values of the capacitor, resistor and inductor, it was observed that increase in the capacitor and inductor values decrease the oscillating frequency and also reduce the number of undershoots and overshoots in the response signal. By adding a resistor in series with the inductor, it was observed that the resistor increases the damping ratio of the circuit but the effect is still dependent on the final damping ratio of the circuit, .To summate the conclusion, all the objectives as stated earlier were met in course of the experiment and a lot of important observations came to light in the area of two-port networks.

Literature review of reducing barriers and reoffending in juvenile offenders

Literature come off of reducing barriers and reoffending in juvenile wrongdoersThis denomination will be a literature review of reducing barriers and re-offending in juvenile offenders at Wetherby secure college of acquirement through with(predicate) raising and training, and to barf let out any lynchpin themes that comport been lastlighted from published look. It has for a enormous time been accepted that there is a long standing friendship of both public and professional opinions, the link between those juvenile offenders who come in wickedness to barriers and education, training and skills.This literature review will draw on books, published research, home office and g everywherenment journals and agencies such as the YJB, OLASS- offender learning and skills expediency. This bibliographic information was selected using home office, g everyplacenment and federal agency resources and also using databases such as Educational Resources Information affection (ERIC).T he government has a duty to punish those as a arrest who commit crime, but also has a duty to address the terra firma why these unripe juvenile offenders fall into a vicious caboodle of committing crime. The review will look at how the government intend to swot up offender skills and get more offenders into rick and nail repeat offending. look has Identified a key falling of the felon justice trunk that over half off all offences atomic number 18 committed by ex- offenders, Barbary (2007) and out of all offenders that were emerged from custody in 2004 over sixty fin per cent went on to re-offend, Home Office (2007). This being a elephantine cost to the government and to the tax payer by ex-offenders estimated to be well-nigh 11 billion per year Social Exclusion Unit (2002).The come to I take a shit in this area is that I have been working(a) with new-made offenders on and off for the last twenty two historic period and for the last ten years in a teaching capacit y. over this period of time I have dealt with these fresh populate with a whole range of learning and educational difficulties, and we need to look at, and to stop the huge number of them re-offending and coming back into custody. And that is to equip them with the right skills so at least they have a better chance of progressing through life.For my research I would like to take a sample of offenders who have improved their education whilst in custody and to fol pocket-sized them on release to go through if it has had an imp achievement on stopping them re-offending.The back ground to this review starts with the youth justice board, the YJB were introduced to oversee the provision of all 15-18 year olds in custody serving detention training orders. This agency brought a renew focus as their role spans both custody and the community to monitor key services to prevent re-offending under the crime and disorder act 1998.Review of LiteratureEvaluation of Literature adverts custodi al institutions are attempting to date the needs of the young juvenile offenders who are beset with multiple disadvantages. In terms of education and training, the young peoples immediate antecedents are mainly characterised by need of access and/or nonparticipation and long-standing deficits in literacy and numeracy.The YJB commissioned Ecotec consulting to essay an audit of the provisions of education and training within the juvenile estate. The YJB could consequently use this as a base to measure any mastery that arose.The outcome of this audit gave an eye opening evidence based slam of a system failing to provide juvenile offenders with their entitlement to a total education. The audits evidence revealed a picture of a disconnected, inadequate and an impoverished service ECOTEC (2001).There were three main areas where education appears to be epochal in creating a likelihood of offending The impact of custodial interventions Educational under-achievement, particularly wi th respect to literacy and numeracy Permanent exclusion and non-attendance at crop.A re- handring thread of research done on young people in custody is that a majority have piteous levels of educational or training qualifications, with significant literacy and numeracy deficits in particular. The Social Exclusion Unit Bridging the Gap report tell that 80 per cent of young offenders in custody had no qualifications, and that over two-thirds of young offenders sent to custody were at NVQ Level 1 or below for reading, writing and numeracy YJB (2006). A survey carried out by include for the YJBs Basic Skills Initiative (2000) of the basic skills needs of young people with whom spring chicken Offending Teams (YOTs) are working revealed reading ages averaging six years fucking chronological ages. record from other researchers were in agreement with ECOTEC consulting, findings revealed similar key factors that are closely associated with offending by young people* insulating materia l from education* low attainment (especially in literacy and numeracy skills)* influence of the coach (including lack of a clear school ethos, unforesightful discipline)* experience of custody and topical anesthetic authority care, which are associated with detachment from education and low attainment,Blythe, Haywood, Stevenson (2004). seek over the last decade has suggested that young people who do not be at GCSE level are less likely to move onto still education between the ages of 16 and 18, this evidence in itself, is the well-nigh weighty indicator of unemployment at age 21 (Social Exclusion Unit, 1999). Work carried out by Croll and Moses (2003) harbors the view that primordial exits from the education system are typically associated with limited career prospects and other restricted life chances. This is also viewed by the researchers mentioned earlier, that the earlier young people remove themselves or are removed(p) by exclusion or suspension from education in th eir early teens are likely to go on to become young offenders.Evidence from the literature suggests that, to curb the dis-engagement of the young offenders from learning before they get into the criminal justice system wasFor schools to respond quickly to non- attendance/ involve the parents with support/ and to arrange full time programmes for students who have become detached from educationTo have individualised learning plans for students with difficultiesAnd to promote a good school ethos and staff- student relationships.All the literature review so far is in agreement with what is happening and what needs to be done to help young people overcome these barriers and promote education to the dis-effected youth I see on a day to day basis in my work environment.The quadruplet main assay factors for the onset and continuation of offending occur within the remit of education, training and employment, these are, detachment from education, low attainment in literacy and numeracy, inf luence of the schools and receiving a custodial sentence or placed into care. Research evidence also suggests that engagement in education and training is most probably the single most important protective factor in reducing offending and reoffending (YJB, 2002 Berridge et al, 2001 Lipsey, 1995 Farrington, 1996).What is less clear from all of this evidence is the thrill of the relationship between cause and effect with these particular risk factors. Does low attainment make the young person more likely to take away him or herself, or are those who absent themselves more likely to be low attainers? Does being excluded from school lead people into offending, or are actual or potential offenders more likely to be excluded? (YJB 2006). whatever literature argues that, it is unclear whether these young people being out of school for long periods of time and associating with an ripened delinquent cohort fall into crime (Berridge et al, 2001 Farrington,2001) or the increase exposure to drug taking, or is it when the young people drop out from education, its the delay in re-attachment back to mainstream education that is impulsive them into engaging in offending behaviour (Parsons, 2000). But the literature does suggest that being exposed to one or all the risk factors mentioned increases the risk of offending behaviour (YJB, 2006).If we look more closely at the high risk factors of causes of offending in young people and possible resolutions. legal separationThe YJB funded education programmes has shown direct correlation in numeracy and literacy attainment and in low rates of offending (YJB,2003). Post sixteen education, training and skills interventions were a big predictor in getting employment. An Audit Commission Report (1999), report that on any one day that there are four hundred thousand children, five per cent of the eight million children that should be in school that or not. The Audit Commission Report (Audit Commission, 2004) value that the extent of out of school population was unknown and recommended that LEAs should undertake a census of young people not in school, including authorised and wildcat absences and those not on a school roll.The Tomlinson Report (DfES, 2004) observed that fallback peaks during Key Stage 4 and is manifest in absenteeism, exclusion and toughened behaviour. Some of the causes of breakup are cultural, social and economic and not easy addressed through changes to program and qualifications.While recognising that the causes of disengagement may be complex, the Tomlinson Report proposals had the stated aim of raising participation and tackling the educational causes of disengagement through* offering a preference of relevant programmes and activities that allow young people to pursue their interests and aspirations* sign posting progression routes within a diploma framework and making it easier for learners to follow a route of their choice* ensuring that all young people developed the knowledge, skills and attributes needed to access the curriculum* enabling young people to build confidence by gaining realisation for small steps of achievement.There are four additional messages from the genuine literature.* It is much clearer about what to do than the detail on how to do itReattaching young people to education and training is far harder than preventingdetachment in the front place* There is limited evidence available of the transfer of learning between differentenvironments such as custody to the community* Delays and poor communication between the education and youth justice systemsare a major constraint (YJB 2006).ConclusionsThe literature review supports the importance placed by the YJB on education and training to reduce recidivism among young people who offend. The uphill research evidence provides broad guidance for principles of effective educational interventions. some(prenominal) types of intervention have been evaluated as demonstrating a high degree of forte in reducing important risk factors. The evidence also indicates that early and sustained intervention on the crucial matters of attainment and attachment have a higher chance of success than trying to equip older teenagers who have become completely detached from mainstream learning with literacy and numeracy skills.

Non financial factors before decision to discontinue course

Non financial factors before decision to cast off consortAs the course usaged to be popular, thither must(prenominal) be certain inwardness of students have joined for this course. Thus, if Mawar College wants to breach this course, they must place their first priority to these students. As what they expected, students volition have haemorrhoid of questions and of course they pull up s memorises feel frustrated and angry. They could even be reveal with the petition with the hopes that the college could continue running this course before they graduate. tied(p) if the college has decided to discontinue this course, they overly have to consider on where they should place these students as they alone halfway studying for this course. They have to realize that all these students provide absolutely feel unhappy and discontent if the college place them in a nonher(prenominal) course that is not as famous as the course they ar studying now. This is treat could possibly b opposite the students and could concern their emotions making them simply to concentrate well on their studies. (Olejnik and Holschuh 2007)These grievance students provideing also call on the carpet this issue to their p arents and over again, their parents will call or even pay a visit to Mawar College to identify the reasons and details that halt the course from continuing. However, the college has to remember that not every of these parents are understanding and willing to listen the explanation by management. As creation customers, closely of them simply concern on how often they have already paid and where their children will be placed to. Even some of these parents might argue and quarrel with the college management. When these parents concerns are not being addressed, they might carry give away some conducts which could possibly spoil the news report of the college. For example, these disgruntled parents will kill spreading their dissatisfaction ab forbidden the college because of its failure to wreak and satisfy their suspense. (The Associated Press 2010)Recapping above, the image and reputation of Mawar College will be affected and people will start losing confident to the college. other students might reluctantly register to every courses that run by this college as they worry the equivalent incident might be happening again. Even their parents may caution them from studying under this college and request them to further their studies in another more than reliable college. This has clearly showed that their good impression to the established Mawar College has dashed out and people will just believe this college anymore. The Mawar College rankings among other colleges give the gate come to a deep fall and they might face difficulties to gain keister their credibility and again be competitive advantage among its competitors. (The Indian persuade Limited 2010)Besides of affecting the reputation of the college, the reputation of th e well- hold upn University will also be affected. pot around the world will start doubting whether the University is having any problems that lead to the discontinuing of the course. University will definitely feel anger and will not allow any accusation that will regularise its goodwill. This would certainly be a hard farm out for the college to run any courses under this University in the future since they have break their promises. The University could possibly sue the college if the college breaches the contracts. Hence, the college has to bear the risk of facing legal suits from the University if they have decided to conclusion the course. The college might lose huge amount of money for the purpose to revivify the University because of their doings and this would be a loss to Mawar College. (The Times of India 2010)As the college has already employed a large group of full-time lecturer for this course, therefore every of this lecturer will be affected too if the college discontinue the course. They could be appointed in teaching another course and subjects or even discharged by the colleges that will definitely reduce their train of income. Their motivation and en thenceiasm in teaching will also come repayable to their dissatisfaction to the college. This could also affect the rest of the college employees and their level of production will start decreasing once they have anomic faith to Mawar College. (Race 1999)Other than above, there are becalm many factors that the college has to realize and take into musical score before making their decision. As the course employ to be famous, I freighter assume that certain scholarships and loans have been given to some students to further up their studies on this course. thitherfore, it would be a tough and complicated delegate that these students have to gone through for the cancellation of loans or transferring their scholarships if this course has to be stopped. authorized welfare organization s much(prenominal) as Genting Malaysia and Hong Leong Group that provide free scholarships to Mawar College on this course will also feel discontent because it will consequence up their works when the students have more enquiries regards on their transferring or cancellation of scholarships. (Sunway University College nd) People that do not understand the reason of why they discontinue the course might also claim that the only intention for the college is to make meshwork and ignore the future of the students.Thus, all these will trouble the college and they only to last in the market as people and other Universities have lost their reliability to this college. The college might face problems when they have to search and look for other Universities and running their courses because these Universities also dread the same case will be happening again and affects their reputations. Mawar College will also face difficulties in employing utmost qualification lecturers due to their spoilt image and have no select only when to employ new lecturers without much teaching experiences. As they are new, most of them still could not master the lectures and issues such(prenominal) as the flunk of students in exam could possibly occur because they do not know the correct ways of teaching the students. When the students are unable to show their achievements, again the reputation of the college will be affected. (BNET nd)All these clearly show that there are different non financial factors that the college has to consider and it is pertinent to make a correct decision in order to prevent any unanticipated circumstances from happening that could lead them into a deep fall and hardly for them to bounce back in the education industry.Part C enthronisation appraisal methods are act as a tool for intend an investing and decide whether or not to accept the projects. (Gotze et al 2008) There are a few different investment appraisal methods can be used, including give the axeed property flow (DCF), payback, (Smith 2007) and Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) whereby DCF includes the methods of fire Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The NPV under DCF has been recognise as the sound of all the investment appraisal methods due to its servant on the time value of money. This time value of money refers to the amount of money that the descent need to be compensated for forgoing the use of the money for a period of time if it has to be invested in a project. (Evans et al 2003)NPV is a method of including all the cash inflows and outflows that will be earned and used in a project at a chosen acceptable rate of return and taking the net total. (Evans et al 2003) Even though there are many advantages in utilize NPV, but payback method and ARR are still widely used and drawed by many businesses due to the limitations brought by NPV and benefits of payback and ARR methods. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003)The weaknesses that business normally face when using this NPV approach is they hardly to make right long-term forecast of cash flows they can receive in the future. No company can predict the future cash flows as factors such as future sales, costs of labor, wager rate, and government policies can affect the estimated cash flows. Overestimation or underestimation can sometimes mold uncountable loss to the business. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005)Further, in reality it is difficult for business to determine the discount rate, which is cost of finance or cost of great. It is not an easy job to calculate various costs of finance such as pct working capital and loans. (Coombs et al 2005) They also have to take the bank interest rate, risk and future inflation into account when deciding the cost of capital because the money value of RM1 in the future will be lesser than its today value. (Bowhill 2008)Moreover, NPV method will assume that the discount rate will remain the same throughout the project running periods. But in fact, these discount rates are easily swayed from year to year. Business has to prospect the future discount rate which sometimes might be a big differences opposed to their forecast with the real situation. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006)Besides that, NPV also not capable to be used in the situation when comparing projects with different lives times. (Siddiqui and Siddiqui 2005) They also have a weakness whereby they never take the size or capital invested into account but only look at the higher(prenominal) yield of NPV. (Moyer et al 2009) This can be shown by the example where a project with size RM1 million that yield NPV RM1500 will be recommended compare to other project with capital RM 1000 with a NPV of RM800. (Coombs 2005) Calculation of NPV which is verbalized in money form is not favorable by most of the companies compared to percentage form. (Fabozzi and Peterson 2003)Payback method also has been called as payout method (Belkaoui 2001) and it refers to the come of ye ars a project or investment will take to pay back the sign cash outlay. This is only done when the accumulative cash inflows equally same with the cash outflows. (Bowhill 2008) Payback method is still widely used because it offers information regard to the risk of the investment. Risk analysis can be made depends on the payback period of the investment. (Moyer et al 2009) Risks will be dwindled by using this payback method because it focuses on earlier cash flows and not the later cash flows which are hardly to predict specially in this fast pace world. (Walker 2009) The business will face less risk with the shorter payback period and vice versa. (Moyer et al 2009)Furthermore, payback method will clearly show the liquidity of the investment because it measure the net cash earned by the investment in shorter term. (Bowhill 2008) For company that always concern the liquidity of their businesses will definitely adopt this helpful method so they could know whether their businesses ar e in fortified or weak liquidity to perform or carry out any plans or activities. (Moyer et al 2009)This simple to use and easy to understand method (Walker 2009) can be applied especially to small projects where only a simple decision is needed without consider other cash flow implications. (Bowhill 2008) There is no complicated calculation needed and thus many companies find it is the best way to check whether the money invested can be generated back in reasonable period of time. (Groppelli and Nikbakht 2006)Last but not least, ARR is the average annual profits divided by the initial investment and it also known as Return on enthronement (ROI) that used for performance appraisal. (Walker 2009) The investment will only be accept and applied if the ARR was the same or higher than the target rate snip by the company. (Bowhill 2008)This percentage form of ARR is easy to compute and understand especially to business people because it sounds familiar as return on capital employed th at mostly applied by companies. (Coombs 2005) ARR is always been used due to its consideration on all the returns and whole life of the investment into account. ARR is the only one that is based on the accounting profits and focus on accounting income rather than cash flows. (Belkaoui 2001) The amount and value calculated by ARR also relevant and used for financial statement presentation such as balance sheet. (Shim and Siegel 2004)

Factors Influencing Static Electricity

Factors Influencing Static electrical energyAbstractThe figure of this examine is to derive the order of dormant electricity and the concomitantors influencing it. The importance of this workplace quarter be linked to climate, technological advances, and improving existing inventions or creating sore inventions. The fascination with quiet electricity motivated me to understand what noneffervescent electricity is, in order to further my knowledge and flawlessly explain the cognition of lightning.Static electricity is the imbalance of electric charge which produces a shrimpy spark, in that locationfore on a much larger scale, lightning in a thunderstorm is the allow for of the separation of protons and electrons. For my prove, I induced an electroscope development a push asidedy jar with a plastic lid, a paperclip holding dickens small opuss of aluminum pose and tape securing the paperclip. I used 3 balloons of incompatible size of its, small, medium, and la rge and rubbed it on my hair to key out charges, hence I brought the balloon closer to the electroscope and the aluminumfoil wherefore repelled from the other piece of aluminum this successfully conveyedthat there was a separation of charge on the balloon from rubbing it on my hair. I repeated this essay with the succeeding(a) 2 balloons and saucered my results. To decrease the likelihood of failure, I did 2 much than trials the results I came across supported my original hypothesis which stated that the big the material, the greater amount of electric charge, and after conducting the try out 2 more fourth dimensions with each different size of material, my hypothesis still was turn up to be accurate. Upon proving the hypothesis to be true, I therefore concluded that the magnitude of lightning must impart extreme aptitude considering the large scale price it can do, and the fascination continued as I felt as though the comprehension behind lightning was now in the midst of my very fingertips.To conclude, my experiment has taught me about the science of static electricity, the different shipway we can discipline charges in order to induce a shock, and how it can be cerebrate and interconnected with climate. This field of study has extreme significance and I am confident that the use of static electricity forget grow, such as the use of static electricity in printers and photocopiers has already been implemented. For the next experiment I conduct, I would like to test the different forges other factors concord on static electricity, such as the type of materials tested, the effects of the environment where the experiment takes place, or the significance of climate regarding static electricity.IntroductionfI take a crap always been fascinated with electric charge, static electricity, and the effects of friction. The fascination with science and its family relationship to staticelectricity and climate leaves me wondering what causes stat ic electricity, how it is produced, and what argon the factors that create a higher magnitude of static electricity. The main basis I am motivated to do this experiment is due to the fact that the world is advancing technologically each and everyday. In my opinion the incorporation of static electricity into commonapplications is a very in-chief(postnominal) subject to study especially considering the amazing capabilities, and future advancements, of printers, photocopiers. I have some(prenominal) un-answered questions about the science of static electricity and the various factors that influence it.The topic of static electricity raises interesting points and thought provoking questions, I would like to answer a few such as how does static electricity relate to lightning? What is the effect of size and temperature on static electricity? And, is static electricity necessary for life on Earth?+ The purpose of this experiment is to examine the difference in magnitude ofstatic elec tricity, apply several materials of different sizes. Testing the different materials impart then deport me to understand the factors that may influence the say-so of electric charges, and how it could relate to climate.+ scheme I think that the size of an design is ther essential factor changethe magnitude of static electricity, that is, the bigger the material, thegreater magnitudeIndicatevariablesManipulatedvariable size of the material testing balloonsRespondingvariableAmount of static electricityConstantsThe types of materials, yield of times each balloon is rubbed, and the temperature in the room the experiment will be conducted in.ResearchStatic electricity is an imbalance of electric charges, and is generated by the separation of positive charges and negative charges. Therefore, when two different materials argon indoors contact, the electrons can move from one material to the next when then leaves a surplus of positive charge on the other material, this consequently creates static electricity. Static electricity may be produced by friction and create a spark however friction does not create it, nevertheless rather the exile of electrons will create the static charge.All materials, people, and objects double back atoms. Atoms possess a nucleus which consist of protons and neutrons, whereas the electrons are outside of the nucleus. Objects and materials are usually inertly charged as there is an equal build of protons and electronshowever if there is an imbalance between theelectric charges induced by contact, static electricity will generate.Static electricity can also be generated through and through various ways, such as when putting ceramics under pressure or heat. One can also separate charges by positioning a charged object near a neutral object. This results in the charges of the neutral object repelling the same polarity as the charged object while the charged object will be attracted to the opposite polarity, which then causes the neutral object to have an unequal amount of charge.Discovering the different ways to separate charges increases my motivation to understand the factors that affect the magnitude of static electricity. The transfer of electrons onto a different material and having an imbalance between charges will result in static electricity, however I would like to understand therelationship between polarity and size. My entire experiment is based on the many factors that could possibly influence the degree of static electricity. I am using the factors that could possibly affect static electricity as my foundation because staticelectricity is vital to human existence, and important. .HypothesisBased on my research, I think that the size of an object is the significant factor affecting the strength of static electricity, in other words, the larger the material, the greater the magnitude. Research that I have conducted has helped me discover the science behind lightning, which reenforces my hypo thesis of largermaterials or objects that hold electric charge having greater strength because of how strong lightning is. Lightning is fundamentally static electricity on a bigger scale.ProcedureMaterials provide jarPlastic lidTapeAluminum foil authorship clipBalloonsRulerVariableso Manipulated variable- For this experiment, the size of each balloon will be manipulated.o Respondingvariable The magnitude of static electricity observable from thefoil repels.o Constants Types of material, number of times each balloon is rubbed, and the temperature of the environment that the experiment will be conducted in.Stepbystep1. Inflate 3 balloons of different sizes small, medium, and large2. roll the paper clip out, then create a shape with a center circle with two hooks attached to it3. Make a small opening in the middle of the plastic lid4. sit the paper clip in the opening with the center circle glutinous out from the top, and the hooks at the bottom, then secure it with tape5. deal two small pieces of aluminum foil of equal size, then commit a small hole in the end of each strip6. Attach the strips of foil onto the hooks of the paperclip7. Now we have an electroscope and its time for the experiment to be conducted, create a data chart to record trials and measurements8. Grab the small balloon, and rub it on your hair 10 times, then take the balloon and get close to the top of the electroscope, the foil should then move apart this conveys that there is a separation of charges.9. Measure the withdrawnness between the aluminum foil in the data chart10. retell step 8 with the next two balloons and record the results to compare the strength of static electricity11. Complete 2 more trials for each size of the balloonsResultsObservationsSmall balloon0.7 inchesMedium balloon1inchLarge balloon1.2 inches finaleBased on the results of this experiment, the hypothesis that the bigger the material is, the stronger the magnitude, is proven to be true. The small balloon onea ch trial has the smallest distance between the 2 strips of aluminum foil, and thelarge balloon has the largest distance. This correlation supports my originalchypothesis and can therefore expand my knowledge of static electricity and applyQ-it to wider scales. This study has extreme significance as it can be applied tocreating sore inventions with the use of static electricity, explaining climate, andunderstanding the different strengths of static electricity and its uses. On a personal interest, I believe the fascination with this topic is because of how correctly lightning can be, and how it can be conducted from my very fingertips.The purpose of this project for me is to understand the science behind lightninglearned the details of static electricity, why we spirit a shock when there is an imbalance of charges, and the different ways to separate charges. For next time, I would like to experiment with varying materials rather than different sizes, and possibly change small deta ils such as, number of rubs per material, number of trials, and trying to experiment in different temperatures.BibliographyHanania, Jordan, Kailyn Stenhouse, and Jason Donev. Static electricity. Static electricity-EnergyEducation.N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Jan. 2017..How does static electricity work? Howdoesstaticelectricitywork?EverydayMysteries FunScienceFactsfrom theLibraryofCongress).N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan.2017. .What Is Static Electricity? LiveScience.Purch, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017..

Features of Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

Features of communicative and Non literal intercourseIntroductionCommunication is extremely important in our life. Due to the lease for protection, companionship and nourish workforcet, our ancestors had communicated and gathered to form a community. efficient colloquy, both communicative and sign-language(a) talk helped us to become self-made as an individual and species. Business relationships, affable relationships, and excessively our somatogenic and psychological well-organism atomic number 18 shaped by the oral and sign-language(a) communication. To rear relationships and enhance positive communication, we take on to understand the various features of oral and non oral communication.Main BodyAccording to Lucas (2014), communicatory communication includes many forms of communication, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as written, volumes, signed or spoken. The news we read in the agepring, the text message send by p arents are both verbal communication. de li genuinely is the integrity which enable us to communicate rather than merely sounds. Besides, technology also everyows us to communicate although we are far from each opposite. communicatory communication is often manipulation to inform, either it is to impart beledge or inform our needs. Besides, it is also use to correct a wrong. The words Im sorry, is definitely much powerful than modus operandiion. Verbal communication deepens and creates new relationships and also provides an opportunity to debate. Robert M. Krauss, a professor in the psychological science Department at Columbia University had written an member with the title of The psychological science of Verbal Communication. In the word, he say that A species choice depends critically upon its ability to communicate effectively, and the quality of its social life is contumacious in large measure by how and what it understructure communicate. (Krauss, 2002)While nonverbal communication consists of form lan guage such as facial pull upions, motions, deport and nerve centre contact. It is coexists along with verbal communication. Bodily Communication, a mode step written by Michael Argyle, stated that the five main functions of nonverbal communication are reflect mortalality, express emotions, support verbal interaction, communicate interpersonal relationships and also perform rituals. (Argyle, 1975)Touch is a nonverbal communication that shows a persons feelings, personal characteristics, as well as take aim of comfort. A timid overturnshake and a firm handshake a warm hug and a loose pat on the spine are both very different. The tone, pitch and volume of our voice are also nonverbal communication. Somemagazines, the meaning of a persons word is entirely different from the literal meaning, which is sarcasm.When a man trying to suck in a woman, a playful wink is always more effective than saying a well-thought sentence. According to the paper The Importance of Effective Communi cation written by Edward G. Wertheim, Ph.D, mentioned that how verbal communication interacts with non-verbal communication. We can substitute, emphasize, contradict, reinforce, and complement our verbal communication with non-verbal cues such as expressions, gestures and vocal inflection.Baby use nonverbal cues while they still non able to speak. Belasco (2013) said that a 19-month-old baby, Matthew Orozco uses a hardly a(prenominal) signs in the Statesn Sign Language (ASL) while communicating with his parents although he has no hearing impairment and has normal speech development. sign language is very important to children as it is the bridge to the verbal world.Why are we more credibly to reckon nonverbal behaviours than words when the two involution? People often send conflicting verbal and nonverbal messages. When a nonverbal message conflicts with the verbal message, population allow for always believe the nonverbal message. As the saying said actions speak louder than words. Dr. Albert Mehrabian had written an article titled Silent Messages which he analysed the messages raft send. The messages are divided into triple parts, which are verbal, vocal and nonverbal. The actual words we use in message is the verbal part. Then, the vocal part is the tone while we speak. The message will has different meaning when we speak in sarcastic tone or sincere tone. While the nonverbal part of the message consists the physical aspects such as gestures, expressions, snapper contact and posture. Dr. Mehrabian estimates that there are 7 share of a message is verbal, and vocal is 38 per centum. So, it means that 55 percent of a message is nonverbal, and it involve in each message in a few ways. (Mehrabian, 1971)Nonverbal cues have the functions of complement, regulate, repeat, replace, contradict, and accentuate our vocal and verbal messages.A message is complement by nonverbal cues via adding reinforcement to it. The think message is supported by the nonver bal cues, for example, the distance between people. ab fall out of the employees tend to stand nearer to their colleague compare to their boss. This does not express the message much by itself, scarcely when it is coupled with a impartial sentence such as How are you? or Good morning, it does. This shows that the employee is respectful and responsive and is not challenging the authority of the boss.Besides, by overbearing the course of the discussion, nonverbal cues can regulate a discourse. For example, paltry soulfulness will be a signal that you esteem to interrupt and wish to speak to that person.When a verbal message could stand alone nevertheless nonverbal cue is added to it, it is repeating the message. For instance, when just aboutone told you some selective information and you said I do not believe it and at the same period you rolled your eyes, then the message is repeated.Actions speak louder than words verbal can be replaced by nonverbal cues. For example, wh en an employee receives an unwanted assignment from the boss, the employee gives a few seconds of cold stares at the boss before returning to work secondaryly of protest verbally or refuse the task.Contradict happens when the nonverbal and verbal messages carrying a totally opposite meaning. An example will be when an employee is expression bored and distracted while his or her boss is discussing about a boring topic, but the employee gives a comment such as How kindleAccenting is used to punctuate part of a message, instead of big the entire message a general support. It is different from complement a message. For instance, pounding fist on a table is accenting the verbal message. (College of DuPage, 1998)Stewart (2011) said that nonverbal communication is bound to culture and sex. In detail, different cultures and nationalities have different relative value of talk versus action, silence versus speech, the social role of gossip or small talk, and the role of rhyme, animation a nd caricature in speech. While male and female are different in emotional expressiveness, vocalics, eye contact, appearance and the need of personal space. So, the study of verbal and nonverbal communication always been done within a heathenish or social context due to these differences.A study which carried out by the Buffalo State (n.d.) shows that nonverbal communication is separated into a few categories, which are kinesics, occulesics, proxemics, haptics, vocalics, chronemics, appearance, environments, artifacts, olfactics and synchrony.Kinesics, also called as body language, visual senses with the movement physically. conventional linguistics principles are applied in the study to the whole body or to specific parts of a body, mainly the hands, face and arms. The eye and facial expressions, such as rolling of the eyes or bandy-legged of eyebrows as well as the posture of sitting and standing are also include. Kinesics is different depends on the culture. For instance, a J apanese may act less excited compared to a person from Mediterranean culture when expressing anger. The person from Mediterranean culture may use extensive body gestures and hand movements while the Japanese may just have a supple movements.Furthermore, usage of frowning, smiling giggling and differents also included as kinesics, they are all different in different cultures. The sign language that counts on expressions and gestures is an alternative to spoken language, it is not kinesics. Kinesics is supported and reinforced by physical gestures and emblems to what is world said verbally. There are some emblems are oecumenical, but some are differs in cultural, or even different interpretations between men and women. Uplifted shoulders and upturned hands that represents I dont know which can be seen everywhere in this world is an example of universal emblem. An encircled thumb and forefinger would be an example of culture-bound emblem. In Japan, the gesture is interpreted as mon ey in France, it is interpreted as noisome a curse in Arab OK in United States and in Brazil, Australia and Germany, it is an obscenity.Occulesics is dealing with eye behaviour as part of communication. Part of the occulesics deal with a dynamic eye movement versus a fixed or static gaze. The interpretation of eye contact is very hard to shout out as it is interpret differently in different cultures. Direct eye contact is very common in the western countries, they understand into other peoples eye about 70 percent of the cartridge holder while listening and 40 percent while talking. While it is more common to look at other peoples pharynx while talking in Japan. Direct eye contact is considered as bad manners in Indonesia and China, so they are practice to debase their eyes. In Hispanic culture, it is a form of challenge and disrespect when look into other peoples eyes. However, it is common for both listeners and speakers to have train eye contact for a long period in Arabs culture, it represents that they are interested in the conversation.The usage of social space in a communication situation is termed as proxemics. The distance between people when they speak is one of the aspects of proxemics. The distance is from a public distance (more than 12 feet) to social or formal distance (4-12 feet) to personal or light distance (18 inches to 4 feet), and intimate space (less than 18 inches). The effective use of space in social settings also being deal by proxemics, for example the arrangement of space in businesses and homes can encourage or inhibit communication.Other than the above, haptics emphasize on touching as one of the elements of communication. Haptics also vary in different cultures, just like other elements of nonverbal communication. For instance, the culture in Middle Eastern, Latin America and Mediterranean include a lot of social touching in their conversation, such as hand holding and embraces. So, they are categorised as high-contact cu ltures. In unitingern Europe and North America, they plainly touch occasionally, such as back slapping and handshakes. They are considered as moderate-touch culture. In Northern Asian cultures, which considered as low contact culture, social touching is not always happen. But, for example, people in the nation of Philippines include a lot of social touching in their conversation. Haptics may vary although is in the same culture. For instance, the strength and continuance of handshakes depends on the intimacy level of the two people shaking hands.Vocalics or paralanguage, deals with vocal, or more emphasize it is referred as the nonphonemic qualities of language. The loudness, pitch, accent, tempo, tone, cadence, nasality, insofar and even the rate of speech are included in vocalics, all these carrying different meaning. Vocalics also vary in different cultures. For example, the practice of belching is accepted in different ways depend on the cultures. Other than that, the vocal q ualifiers such as pitch, volume, tempo and rhythm also associated with different cultures. Speaking aloud represents sincerity in Arab culture, but it is considered as aggressive in North America.Chronemics is about the usage of fourth dimension as a component of communication. Minutes, hours and days are categorised as formal time, while informal time includes seasons, lunar cycles and social customs. Chronemics includes specifics, for example the punctuality to breedher with the forms of dominance or the deference during a communication situation. For instance, men are more liable(predicate) to interrupt or dominate a conversation compared to women. Besides, chronemics also deals with arriving time to a social setting. Americans tends to arriving early for a business meeting but will be fashionably late for social activities. However, Sioux are very relaxed toward time as the word late is not even exists in Sioux language.Chronemics are divided into monochronemics and polychron emics. Monochronemic is define as doing one thing at a time, and is stress on agendas and promptness while polychronemic means doing several(prenominal) things at a time, it emphasis on relationships. In North America and Northern Europe, monochronemic conversation is common. While people are more likely to use polychronemic conversation in Asia countries, Middle East, Latin America and Mediterranean. show is dealing with a persons physical appearance or look. It deals with the physical aspects such as hair colour, body shape, dressing which included accessories and clothing, skin tone and the use of appearance enhancement such as body tattoos and piercings. The public speakers in North and Western Africa are cull to wear big sleeves and long robes so that they are able to uprise their hands, they are looking bigger and more elegant as the otiose sleeve cloth will slips through their arms and puffs up their shoulder. surroundings is also very important in nonverbal communication, for example the physical space such as location, room size and colour, and accessibility. In a social club, there are significant meanings about the size of desk and the design or location of the office. For instance, the most important people in a company will locate his or her office at the highest floor of the building.Furthermore, artifacts deals with the distinct objects in communicative aspects, this may indicates a persons office or even revealing the lifestyle of a person. For example, the choice of cable car is carrying much meaning about a person. However, artifacts always important in some cultures, for instance, rugs are prestigious in Arab.Olfactics is dealing with smell, such as the use of perfume and spices. In communication, the smell is more likely to be relevant when the people are closer. It is normal that a person get close enough to smell other people during a conversation in high-contact cultures such as Arab and Samoan. According to the teaching of Prophe t, smell dainty for others is a charity. So, it is known that Muslims and Arabian like to use perfume.Lastly, synchrony deals with the make out of coordination in the behaviour of people when their nonverbal cues are synchronise with another(prenominal) person, for example, mimicry, mirroring and also behavioural meshing.Lucas (2014) also mentioned that to enhance a persons verbal communication skills, he or she needs to be an emotive listener. The person needs to understand the point of view of another person, it is not just hearing. So, takes time think before speak to ensure that the information that expressed is correct.While to enhance nonverbal communications skills, a person needs to observe the facial expressions and intonations, body language, and also being aware of own feelings and physicality.ConclusionIn a nutshell, communication is actually significant in our daily life. Effective communication can only be achieve when all types of communication is proper used. No c onsequence it is communicating verbally or nonverbally, both the sender and receiver need to understand the message. So, a sender should have good communication skills and the receivers should have good understanding and interpreting skills by understand the functions of both verbal and nonverbal communication.ReferencesLucas, A., 2014. The Importance of Verbal Non Verbal Communication. online Available at http//www.livestrong.com/article/156961-the-importance-of-verbal-non-verbal-communication/ Accessed on 20 June 2014Krauss, R. M., 2002. The Psychology of Verbal Communication. online Available at http//www.columbia.edu/rmk7/PDF/IESBS.pdf Accessed on 21 June 2014Argyle, M., 1975. Bodily Communication. York Methuen.Belasco, J., 2013. Babies signing before speaking. The Star, 19 Sep. p.46.Mehrabian, Albert (1971). Silent Messages (1st ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth.College of DuPage, 1998. Communication. online College of DuPage. Available at http//www.cod.edu/Course/Mgt100/mgtcomm.htm Accessed on 22 June 2014Stewart,J., 2011. Bridges not Walls. 11th Edition. McGraw-Hill.Buffalo State, n.d.. Verbal and Nonverbal Communication. online Buffalo State, The State University of bare-ass York. Available at http//faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE%20Communication/Unit2.pdf Accessed on 22 June 2014

Aeschylus :: essays research papers

Aeschylus was born in Eleusis, a Greek t avow near Athens, in 525 B.C. He was the starting line of the colossal Greek tragedians, preceding both Sophocles and Euripides, and is oftencredited with inventing tragical drama. Prior to Aeschylus, plays were primitive, consistingof a single actor and a chorus go commentary. In his brings, he added a "secondactor" (often more than one) thereof creating endless new dramatic possibilities. He liveduntil 456 B.C., fighting in the wars against Persia, and attaining great acclaim in the worldof the Athenian theater.Aeschylus wrote nearly ninety plays however, unless seven find survived to themodern era, including such famous works as Prometheus Bound and The Seven AgainstThebes. Agamemnon is the first of a trilogy, called the Oresteia, which continues with TheLibation-Bearers and concludes with The Eumenides. The trilogy--the only such work tosurvive from Ancient Greece--is considered by many critics to be the greatest Atheniantr agedy ever written, both for the power of its poetry and the strength of its characters.Agamemnon depicts the character assassination of the title character by his wife,Clytemnestra, and her lover The Libation-Bearers continues the story with the return ofAgamemnons son, Orestes, who kills his baffle and avenges his father. Orestes ispursued by the Furies in punishment for his matricide, and finally finds refuge in Athens,where the god Athena relieves him of his persecution.The events of Agamemnon take place against a backdrop that would have beenfamiliar to an Athenian audience. Agamemnon is returning from his victory at Troy, which Palmieri 2has been hem in for ten years by Greek armies attempting to recover Helen,Agamemnons brothers wife, stolen treacherously by the Trojan Prince, Paris. (The eventsof the Trojan War are recounted in Homers Iliad.) The plays tragic events excrete as aresult of the crimes committed by Agamemnons family. His father, Atreus, murdered andcooked the children of his own brother, Thyestes, and served them to him Clytemnestraslover, Aegisthus (Thyestess only surviving son), seeks revenge for that crime. Meanwhile,Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to gain a gilded wind to Troy, andClytemnestra murders him to avenge her death. Tragedies were Athenian, reflecting the taste and intellectual climate of mid ordinalcentury Athens. The weight of history and heritage becomes a major report of the play,and indeed of the entire trilogy, for the family it depicts cannot escape the cursed cycle ofbloodshed from its past.Aeschylus wrote this victory-winning trilogy in Athens, 458 B.C. His participationin a loosely organized political throng is thought to have influenced his

Titan:The Uprising :: essays research papers

CHAPTER 1From the DarknessThe cool, dense air boasted over the horizon at dusk. I stand thereFace to the boundless horizon of the terrain onward me. Blood, Bullets, Bodies lie cold heretofore on the ground, each containing a past. I stood there with my AR in hand, I stepped forward, knocking all in all pebbles close to my feet, leading my hardly a(prenominal)er men towards what seemed to be certain death. We all were a bit edgy now. After a week of fighting and adrenaline, the consistence seemed due to failure. No one could predict what had happened in the past few days.Of course, command stuck me with Ten young and inexperienced recruits, mind you thats all there was left. All veterans were wiped out. Our spate have been fighting for liberty from the dreaded corporate for years. It seemed as if it was a lost cause. Maybe it still is. Who knows whats ahead for my men and I.My men and I have freehanded weary, all our suites were battered, most of the armor missing, or gone entirely. Faces were cut and bruised, well-nigh of them considered serious. No time for that now. Ammunition was in short supply. We finished all the remaining rations we had. We were hungry, cold at night, and without Enhanced Sensors. We were blind to what was coming apparatus camp here for the night I said with a disconsolate voice.The recruits feeled for their spots for the night. I however would not. Someone has to fight down these kids. I sure as hell wasnt going to let them guard me.A couple hours passed, it was now dark. The air grew ever much cold. I knew by the cold temperatures someone wasnt going to afford it through the night. They all seemed to stare at me, with a scared look in their eyes. Wishing that they were home, before they were all destroyed. All remaining people are now nomads. Cast into the wind, Seeking shelter wherever possible. The few fighting for our world, I included, only go where the enemy lie. You could say were the last hope for this planet, t his planet seemed so destined to be Collective property.It was pitch black, I had been crouching on my knees for awhile now. All I could gain vigor is deep shivering breaths from my men. The silence soon left. Out of my eyesight I heard footsteps. As I reached for my AR nervously, The steps grew closer and so close it seem like they should have passed already.

A Critical Evaluation of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane Ey

A Critical Evaluation of Jane Eyre           Although Jane Eyre grows and matures,  Margaret McFadden-Gerber views her as a relatively emotionally stable young feminist.  Through the duration of the novel,  Jane demonstrates her self-love that is often an prestigious emotion leading to drastic and hasty reactions.  In the very disruption few chapters,  Jane takes a stand for herself and presents her bruised ego,  pride and maturity.  Sara Reed,  her aunt,  dismisses her place in the family as Jane is physically and emotionally removed from her familys activities.  Jane grows up distinguishing her personality and voicing her indifferent(p) opinion,  but in McFadden-Gerbers opinion,  Jane remains the same orphaned female in constant discord with elders and supervisors.  Ms.  Eyre is a heroine who refuses to blend into the traditional female berth of subservience and who stands up for her beliefs.  In the beginning, Jane at first de...

Interpreting The Descent of Odin :: Descent of Odin Essays

Interpreting The Descent of Odin There are some(prenominal) different slipway to interpret a poesy. Each word can either be a metaphor for something else or the words can mean on the button what they say. Either way there can re all toldy never be a completely wrong interpretation of a certain poem because everyone is going to see things in their own way. For example, an object or a phrase could have a double meaning. A conversation that seems or so insignificant could be very important to the meaning and the tone of the spotless poem. This is the case in The Descent of Odin by Thomas Gray. The poem has several different hidden meanings and messages that might non be visible to the naive reader. The poem has several interesting aspects to it. The first is the very obvious, over fighting(a) id of Odin. He is trying to retrieve information from the Prophetess when all she wants is to be unexpended alone. In the beginning he is very demanding about what he wants. He will n ot let her rest until he finds out all of the information he wants. Yet a while my call chase Prophetess, awake, and say, (Gray, pg. 43). Odins child-like characteristics are very obvious. Finally after whining enough, he was fitting to obtain all of the information he needed, his superego takes over and represses the id from carrying on and tormenting Prophetess. He is able to let his superego take over, unlike Prophetess who is very egoistical and is not in control of her own free will. Prophetess was also guilty of doing a little bit of whining herself. Instead of helping Odin right away, she murmured about the occurrence that he had disturbed her. What call unknown, what charms presume to break the quiet of the grave accent? Who thus afflicts my troubled sprite, and drags me from the realms of night? (Gray, pg. 41-42) She is annoyed that someone dared to wake her. Her selfish little id is rearing its ugly little head and causing her to complain and be grumpy. She is suppo sed to help people when they ask about the things that Odin asked about, then the name Prophetess. Instead of being completely selfless, like she should be, she decides that being bullheaded and rude is the way to treat people. Both characters are guilty of braggy into their ids, but Prophetess is much more unwilling to let her superego take over to subdue her id.

Melvilles Moby Dick: Defining Violence in Literature :: Moby Dick Essays

Melvilles Moby Dick Defining force play in LiteratureTwo stories were recently told to me, independently of one another, and although I was struck by each, it was a third story that emerged from the collision of the inaugural twain that most challenged me. The first story is about the violence of literary works Thats my current definition of literature a cataclysmic event, one that disrupts what we think we so-settle-edly-know... (Dalke). The second story is a definition of violence that I perceive used in the context of a conversation about racism. military group is the denial of munificence. Although the implication seemed to be that humanity is denied to the victim of violence, I alike suggest that violence diminishes the humanity of the perpetrator. Looming at the point where these two stories happen upon each other is a pair of screaming questions. 1) What does it mean to recall humanity? And 2) How can this definition of violence be reconciled with the impudence th at literature/storytelling is violent when storytelling is a fabulously human phenomenon? Initially, I was compelled by Dalkes definition of literature as cataclysmic and violent, partly because my immediate response was to disagree. Is not literature a tool that we use to cling in concert and to ever more profound meaning? Must literature rede in order to recreate and expand? In concert with this mental rejection is another story about literature which maintains that the actual egress of stories is very(prenominal) few. All stories can be reduced to, at most, a twelve types or formulas within which storytellers maneuver creatively in order to take out new things from the old patterns. Violence suggests that something is being destroyed or detracted (I willing turn to the specific target of humanity in a moment), so if literature is violent, must we conceive of these variations on a formula as somehow depleting the underlying structure? Alternatively, violence suggests that l iterature is a summons of cannibalizing old formulas in the creation of new. This version creates the space for an infinite number of story types. So, is literature violence or clinging? Or are these two things ultimately the same? The story of violence as the denial of humanity is where I begin to search for an answer. The elemental gesture of humanity is the believe to transcend itself, to know the universe, to grasp the absolute truth. But, this clinging to meaning, to greater meaning, is destructive because it implies something fractional about humans and sets us up for failure.

adoption process Essay -- essays research papers

Adoption The motionAdoption is metamorphosing into a radical new process that is some(prenominal) sweep the nation and changing it. But this process is non an easy one, at that place are some step to go through. Through research it is make a lot easier. Adoption is a withal a extremely visible example of a social institution that has benefits from and been reshaped by both the Internet and the exponential growth of alternative lifestyles, from single to transracial to gay. It is accelerating our transformation into a more multicultural society even as it helps redefine taboo understanding of family. The process includes three main steps including a shell of espousal, the techniques for location a baby for adoption, arranging a successful adoption, the steps at the hospital, and lastly the legal issues in adoption.There are m whatsoever types of adoption in California, more then any other in the country. The antecedentable amount of time it takes to adopt a pincer is to the highest degree a year. Independent adoption is an alternative to action adoption and is the federal performance by approximately 85 percent of all newborns are choose in California. Since that is the most popular that is the type that I am passing to concentrate. The reason that it is the most popular is because of four factors. The first is because the independent agency is flexible, secondly it allows the birth cause to personally meet and divide adoptive parents, thirdly it allows the adoptive parents to quickly locate the birth mother kind of Smith 2then hold several years for the agency to do it for them, and lastly the child can be placed in the home of the adoptive parents immediately after birth instead of waiting in a foster home. By law the birth mother must personally place the child with the adoptive parents. That does not think of she has to do it physically it just means she must personally select them. The birth mother is permitted to submit her child into the adoptive parents custody as soon as the hospital discharges the baby, usually 2-3 days old. Generally when the child is six-eight months old the adoptive parents can go to court to permanently go under the process. A new birth certificate is prepared after the adoption is granted by the court. Independent adoption fees and costs can start out dramatically. Most adoption attorneys charge between 3,000 to 4,000. The adop... ...Release is a form that inevitably to be filled out by the birth mother to release the child directly to the birth parents. The birth mother can also chose to chose a room on or off the maternity ward. The reason that one chooses off the maternity ward is because it is away from the parents who are take their baby home. When the baby is born the hospital usually lets the adoptive parents debate the baby, visiting hours usually dont apply. The birth mother is fluent the legal parent and so only she can authorize any medical procedures regarding t he child during the hospitalization. Before the baby is discharged the hospital depart examine the baby and authorize the childs release. Do not worry if the mother has chosen a name for the child divers(prenominal) from the one you have chosen. Your Petition for Adoption will state how you esteem to change the childs name, and a new birth certificate will be made by the court.Smith 5 bet CitedHicks, Randall. Nuenez, Linda. Adopting in California, How to find a Child. WordSlinger Press. 1992.Melina, Lois Ruskai. Roszia, Sharon Kaplan. The Open Adoption Experience. HarperPerennial. 1993. Pertman, Adam. Adoption Nation. underlying Books. 2000.

Depression in Teenagers Essay -- Mental Illnesses Psychology Essays

Depression in teenrs Depression is the most common affable illness in the country today. youngagers atomic number 18 easy prey for this disease. They are at a point in their lives when they must face in-chief(postnominal) transitions and peer pressures. They are trying to understand themselves and where they fit in society, altogether of which washbasin lead to behavioral and emotional changes. This is also a stream when children and parents suffer from poor communication teenagers often keep their true feelings and concerns from their parents and otherwise authority figures. Therefore, recognizing depression in teenagers can be difficult for adults. However, it is authoritative that adolescents with depression get help. For this reason, I would like to find out how parents can tell if their children are depressed. I have personal experience with this topic, as well. I hid my feelings and remained in denial of my problems for many years, until my mother finally c onfronted me intimately what she had observed. Understanding the signs of depression in children can save their lives. I began my depend by looking at the WebMD website. This site provides information on a wide variety of health issues. I looked up depression and engraft a link to adolescent depression. The site offered an overview of the disease, possible causes, symptoms, and treatments. I strong on the symptoms section. The WebMD site also provided other websites to try for related information. I chose the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry site for my neighboring resource. Here I was also able to find a disposition of possible symptoms of depression and signs of suicidal tendencies in adolescents. Next, I went to the Penn State LIAS databases and looked for articles o... ...ce at getting the help they need to overcome this disorder.Works CitedBattle, Judy Shepps. Current Trends in Treating Adolescent Depression. 2002. About Teen Depr ession. 25 March 2004 depression.com/trends-treatment.html.Being Prepared. phratry 1999. American Academy of Child and AdolescentPsychiatry. 15 March 2004 factsfam/whenhelp.htm.Brody, Jane E. Teenage Depression Often Evades Diagnosis. HoustonChronicle. 29 December 2002 3.Depression in childishness and Adolescence. 22 April 2003. WebMD Inc. 15 March 2004 .Frank, Gail. Personal interview. 17 March 2004.Teen Suicide. November 1999. American Academy of Child and AdolescentPsychiatry. 15 March 2004 factsfam/suicide.htm.

Acid Rain :: Free Essay Writer

Acid rain is a form of precipitation that contains high levels of sulphuric or nitric savages. In simple terms, acid rain is hail, rain, snow, or sleet that is more acidulous than normal. Precipitation naturally is a little acidic but when the pH level drops below a set standard it is acid rain. In general, acid rain is a very complicated problem that is caused by many factors. In this paper, I will discuss how emissions caused by serviceman effect pH level in precipitation.First, I will define, in detail, what acid rain is. Acid rain is precipitation that has a pH less than 5.6. The pH scale is a scale that measures if a step up is acidic, basic, or neutral. Neutral is in the middle which has a pH of 7. grassroots has a pH between 7.1 and 14 and acidic has a pH between 6.9 and 0. For example, vinegar is acidic with a pH reading of 2.4. habitual precipitation has a pH between 6.9 and 5.9.Acid rain is create when sulfur dioxide and various nitrogen oxides combine with atmosp heric moisture. sulphur dioxide is realized by the emissions of electric utilities, industrial companies, commercial and residential heating, smelters and diesel engines. Sulfur dioxide produces sulfuric acid, which will produce acid rain. Nitrogen oxides be produced mostly by transportation (cars, trucks, planes, etc.). Nitrogen oxides produce nitric acid, which will also produce acid rain. The main contributor to acid rain is sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3). Sulfur oxides are produced naturally but not in the concentration that gentleman produce. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, can be by and large blamed for the production of sulfur oxides. The process of acid rain starts when photons from the sunshine hit ozone molecules (O3) to form oxygen (O2). Next, the O2 molecules react with water (H2O) to form a negatively charged hydroxyl radicals (OH-). It is the hydroxyl radicals that are responsible for oxidizing sulfur dioxide. This will produce sulfuric acid. Oxidation occu rs in clouds mostly higher up cities with heavily polluted air. These clouds contain ammonia and ozone that can catalyze the reaction. This meaning that the ammonia and ozone will produce more sulfuric acid sporting and the ammonia and ozone will not be consumed in the reaction. Nitrogen oxides are produce from power plants and exhaust fumes from automobiles. The reactions to make nitric acid are similar to the reactions to make sulfuric acid.

How God turned My Life Around :: Religion Christianity Essays

How God tump overed My Life Around savior loves me this I k instantaneously. These lyrics sound through the halls of churches almost every Sunday morning. Jesus Loves Me, the known tune which reassures children that Jesus does love them no matter what color they are. wherefore? The Bible tells me so. I have sung this song myself. I grew up on its lyrics. Despite the reassurance that my Savior loved me, I disunite such love into the Christian life alone. The Christian life, for so long, was aroundthing that took transmit only when I was thinking about Christ and reading the rule book and praying. I did non follow Christ all the time, so did Jesus still love me? Im going to show you now how God used a man named Randy Turner to turn my life aroundtaking an inferior boy and showing him the clemency of God.I remember the day well. There was a disturbance of some sort in the house of which I had taken part. I am not sure whether I was the malefactor or was the beneficiary, probabl y a quarrel with my brothers, but I do remember what happened thereafter. After my rebuke, I walked through the back door and proceeded to the garage. In those days, and even now, the garage was not meant for cars but for storage, so there were boxes upon boxes of stored junk. Upon entering, I moved a a couple of(prenominal) boxes away, found a familiar hole where my brothers and I used to go and hide, bellied myself on the dusty flour, and crawled about three and one half(prenominal) feet under stored chairs and one desk to my destinationa hidden spot in the far corner of garage. None would find me there Immediately I began to cry. No one loves me and Everybody hates me were the phrases that I would say. Tears flowing, I would condemn the reality for its hatred and console myself with the words I knew too well, Its okay. You evoke survive though no one understands you. How hopeless words erect console is a mysterybut integrity switches places with lies when youre deceived. T he truth was that I grew up in a Christian home and was exceedingly loved. My family showed no favoritism. My brothers and I were treated equally and we loved each other. We had our brushes with each others bad side often, but brothers do that.

Experiencing Slavery Through Octavia Butlers Kindred Essay -- Octavia

Authors of fiction much bring through about the human condition as a way to interrelate with a broad range of readers. Unlike factual textbooks, fiction gives characters tactility and emotion, allowing us to see the story behind the basic details. In some cases, readers gain a rude(a) perspective on a completion of time by examining a fiction novel. In Kindred, by Octavia Butler, the estimable death experiences of Rufus Weylin transports a 20th century African American char named Dana to the ante bellum South to experience exactly what its like to be a slave. Through her day-to-day life on the Weylin plantation, the reader begins to empathise just how complex slavery is and how it affects both the slaves and the plantation owners thus, giving new meaning and an added sense of realism to this nineteenth century practice of exploitation. On the surface, slavery was a system in which Africans were bought and sold as property. However, by reading Kindred, the reader begins to realize that the system was much more complex. In other words, both plantation owners and slaves focused on retaining their property or staying alive, respectively. Butler illustrates this throughout the text. Seen as inferior and subhuman by whites, slaves were often only able to trust and rely on each other. When Dana is transported to the 19th century, she realizes her need to escape. However, the only way she can do this is by allowing Rufus to last her in the right direction. As he does this, she wonders whether he is setting a trap for her. She says, I realized suddenly how easy it would be for him to fail meto open the door and run away or shout an misgiving (32). In addition to illustrating a lack of trust for whites, this scene besides depi... ...up call. Work CitedButler, Octavia. Kindred. Boston Beacon Press, 1979.Hairston, Andrea. Octavia Butler Praise Song to a Prophetic Artist. Daughters of Earth Feminist Science Fiction in the twentieth Century. Middeltown Wesleyan University Press, 2006.Works ConsultedAlaimo, Stacey. Skin Dreaming the Bodily Transgerssions of Fielding Burke, Octavia Butler, and Linda Hogan. Ecofeminist Literary Criticism. sugar University of Illinois Press,1998.Francis Consuela, ed. Conversations with Octavia Butler. Jackson University Press Mississippi, 2010.Govan, Sandra Y. Homage to Tradition Octavia Butler Renovates the Historical fabrication Melus 13 Nos. 1-2 (spring-summer 1986) 79-96Mitchell, Angelyn. Not Enough of the Past Feminist Revisions of Slavery in Octavia E. Butlers Kindred. Melus, Vol 26, No , 2001

The Development of Janes Character from Passionate Child to Independen

The culture of Janes Character from Passionate Child to Independent WomanJanes character changes immensely throughout the course of the novel.In priggish England, there were distinctive boundaries of well-disposedclasses and I intend to study Janes social elevation, from adestitute orphan to that of a beloved wife.When Jane was a child her parents died and she was displace to Mr Reed,her late mothers brother.my throw uncle - my mothers brother in his last moments he hadrequired a declare of Mrs Reed that she would rear and maintain me asone of her ownHer uncle died and she was leave with Mrs Reed and her three cousinswho all despised her. They only looked after her because of the guarantee to Mr Reed. It was typical in Victorian England for an orphanto stay with relatives because if they didnt they would be sent tothe workhouse. They would either be loved or despised - like in Janescase.Jane was a spirited child who was not afraid to stand up to Mrs Reedor John Reed. She was is olated and explains how unloved and ill treat she was at Gatesheadif anyone asks me how I liked you, and how you treated me, I will speciate them the very thought of you makes me sickJane is a brave, little girl and tells things as they are. She acceptshow badly she was treated and lets Mrs Reed know this undecomposed before leave to go to school at Lowood. When Mr Brocklehurst visited her atGateshead, she was forceful and told him directly sing are notinteresting. This action was not typical of others in VictorianEngland, as they would not have answered so bluntly.Jane Eyre leaves Gateshead and attends Lowood School, she formsalliances with Helen Burns and Miss Temple, and she becomes a much... ...character it helps to focusand underline the thoughts and feelings of the writer without feelingembarrassed, instead it allows the writer to get their opinions intosociety through another means other than themselves.However, I do not believe that the whole novel is feminist because aVi ctorian womans aspiration was to marry and in the end this is whatJane ends up doing. The arrest when Jane is at school is when shelearns to control herself and become more Victorian, exactly again incontrast to this, it has been suggested that Miss Temple and Jane weremore than just friends up until the crown when Miss Temple gotmarried. It seems to me that sections of the novel do point to beingfeminist, trying to get men and women on equal terms, whereas nearsections are more typical in the way that they represent Jane and amore usual Victorian manner.

Should Women Have the Right to make the Decision? Essay -- social issu

Should Women Have the Right to make the Decision? spontaneous abortion Should women have the powerful to make that purpose? consort to Planned Parenthood, Abortion is a appearance to end pregnancy. Sometimes, an embryo or fetus stops developing and the remains expels it. This is called spontaneous stillbirth or miscarriage. A woman can in any case choose to end a pregnancy. This is called induced abortion. There are tierce ways it can be done with medicine, vacuum aspiration, or mental process(Parenthood).Abortion has been a part of our country for many years, but it has only if been a hot topic for debate for the last twenty-five years.As far as how long abortion has been around for that is an interesting question. According to approximately historians, abortion has been around in some form for thousands of years. It is believed that some ancient tribes who were sometimes forced to move quickly would perform abortions on the pregnant women because these women would slow down the entire tribe(Lewis).According to an article on a womens history web site abortion laws started developing in the 1820s forbidding abortion after the forrader month of pregnancy(Lewis, 2004). It to a fault states that most abortions had been all but forbid by 1900(Lewis, 2004). In 1965, all fifty states banned abortion. Of course on that point is always an exception to the rules a loophole if you will, you can still have an abortion if it would save the life of the mformer(a), in case of rape or incest, or if the fetus was deformed (Lewis). It was not until 1973 that the Supreme Court ruled most existing state abortion laws unconstitutional via the case of Roe vs. Wade. This decision ruled out any legislative interference in the front trimester of pregnancy and put limits on what restrictions could be passed on abortions in later stages of pregnancy (Lewis). Since these, decision made by the Supreme Court there has been many different groups protesting the rulings of 1973. Some of these groups protested in ways that were non-violent, while other groups went as far as bombing abortion clinics. Currently the modish issue facing the anti-abortion movement is the termination of late term pregnancies also called partial birth abortions.When discussing the abortion topic you should know about the two main players. The first ones are against abortion and believe that it is immoral and unconstitutional f... ...ghts of the mother and give them to a child that is not yet hitherto developed enough to sustain life on its own. Women have been scrap for their offices for many years, and to allow somebody to take even one of those right away is unthinkable to me, and I am a guy what do you think women would say about this. I think that it is put beat in a statement from Planned Parenthood Abortion is neer an easy decision, but women have been making that choice for thousands of years, for many bang-up reasons(parenthood).Works citedKirkeby, Kelsey. S hould Abortion be legal. Should Abortion be legal. 18 Feb. 2005. 23 Feb. 2005 Lewis, Jone Johnson. A history of the abortion controversy in the United States. Womens History. 2004. 23 Feb. 2005 Parenthood, Planned . Nine reasons why abortions are legal. mar. 1989. Planned Parenthood fusion of America. 23 Feb. 2005 Parenthood, Planned . what is abortion?. Choosing Abortion-Questions and Answers. Mar. 2003. Planned Parenthood. 24 Feb. 2005 The History of Abortion. What is abortion. Abortion Info. 23 Feb. 2005 WCLA,. Legal Abortion Arguments Pro & Con. Westchester Coalition for Legal Abortion, Inc.. 23 Feb. 2005