Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System Essay

Intensive Design Project of Fast Computer File System - Essay arche typesetters mooringThe proposed file system has to cater to the needs of both these types that would allow for the memory and retrieval of any type of file. Secondly, the proposed file system willing be incorporated with or will function under the simplex commands of read (), write (), open (), store () that is similar to the calls under UNIX.The proposed file system will run through the concept of directories with a unique feature. As the total disk size given for the assignment is 120GB, storage and retrieval will take a disseminate of time is the entire disk plaza were to be considered as a single entity. Also the amount of information that would have to be maintained by the table in the main memory for the purpose of caching would be enormous and would occupy a lot of space. Therefore, in order to reduce the sizes of the tables and in order to improve the speed of accessing, the entire disk space will be p artitioned into a series of realistic drives that will be considered as independent entities on logical terms. Thus, any file system will revolve around these virtual drives. Each virtual drive will have a size of 8GB each. Each of 8GB virtual drives will be do up of blocks of size 8kB each. Thus, in order to access any particular file, the file system jackpot initially switch over to the particular drive by looking up at clean 4 bits (24 =16), as the number of such virtual drives is 15. Thus, such an indexing will enable the await for a particular location simple and fast. VIRTUALDRIVES As has been previously mentioned, the file system will support directories, but the unique features of the directories is that they can span over different virtual drives in case there is not enough space for an existing directory to accommodate more files. There will be two primary types of files that will be maintained by the file system, which will be cognize as the GB_dir table and the KB_ fil table. As the lifts suggest, the former will be used to index the directories piece of music the latter one will be used for files. The KB_fil table will have the following field Blocknum This will be the number of the block that is already held by some file information.Filname as the name suggests, this denotes the name of the file that occupies the block.Seq-nr this field wards significance if the size of the file is more than that of a block (8KB). surface This filed is used to specify the actual size of the file.Endaddress this will be localized to the block and will hold the last address of the memory location within the block, which is actually

Db3 2 training and development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db3 2 training and teaching - Research Paper ExampleIn their article, New Developments Concerning Negligent Training, they describe age and take over among various types of discrimination that are important to employers. Issues of hiring and firing concepts, which retain been controversial in terms of employment, have also been discussed. Three cases regarding sexual harassment as a form of discrimination have been interpreted up. They conclude by saying that employers must keep track of labor laws and how they can adapt themselves to the changes. Employers should focusing on reducing the risks of negligent training.The best method of limiting exposure is by educating managers. They should be do aware about the implications of their executes (legal or otherwise), and should hence set high standards of professionalism for themselves while dealing with employees. Disciplinary action against or discharge of employees should be done keeping the privacy and dignity of employees in m ind. The document lean and the number of current employees with whom a discharged employee has contact should be minimized. Procedures should be in place for a suitable time and place for a discharge to take place. The procedure for recruitments should be centralized. If the number of interviewers is minimized, the reach for exaggeration on the part of prospective employees can be lessened. Hence, the terms and conditions regarding the work in the government activity should be spelt out by one single

Provide a balanced discussion of the factors that a medium to large Assignment

Provide a balanced treatment of the factors that a medium to large sized company should consider before adopting an ERP transcription - Assignment voiceEnterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is a process by which a company or maker wins and integrates an important part of his business. In todays business world, ERP plays an extensive consumption in the field of business and information technology. Global strategy leader, Arthur D. Little spoke about ERP and quotes it is hold the world. Almost every important company is more or less in its hand. (ERP) There atomic number 18 several kinds of ERP software, but SAP is the most famous and acknowledged one. The acronym of SAP is Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing. It is apply around the globe to access the needs of the customers and offer them with widespread range of services and facilities. Leading vision companies such as Comal co Ltd., Sasol Synfuels International (Pty) Ltd. and Sasol Mining (Pty) Ltd effective ly use SAP to share assets, improve productivity and attain better decision-making abilities. ERP has not only helped large global firms earn long amounts of revenues but small and medium enterprises also avail this system for procuring profits. It is the invaluable technology tool for the companies to step-up productivity, profitability, sales and service. The implementation of ERP system does not limit to the size of the organization but the fact that where the system is implemented. Both developing and developed countries are applying and implementing ERPs. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES INHERIT IN AN ERP SYSTEM ERP system has brought revolution to the correct framework of supervising industries. ERP system is not a stand-alone system and so, companies that fail to utilize this visit themselves difficult to function with each other. It facilitates operational coordination across functional companies. It is important for medium and large shield companies to have complete knowl edge of its competitors strategy and policies. Not only this, ERP system has a standard of collecting all business areas in one system which would makes it easier for companies to compete on the equal benchmark. The foremost advantage of an ERP system is that it saves time and brings down the costs of large corporations. Large firms cannot risk expend their time in procedural maneuvers and unwanted delays. It ensures quick processing of information and reduces the burden of paperwork. It is difficult to manage large firms without proper records, and so ERP system maintains work effectively with minimum chances of error. ERP system aims for perfection it keeps pursue of its order. It serves the customers efficiently by way of prompt response and follow up. Whether its the case of queries of the customers or in the payment, ERP system provides them with ease in every procedure and administers them with detailed information. ERP system also excels in account applications. It can inc orporate the cost, profit, revenue information of sales that are made by the company. It is responsible for holdfast the product, and upgrading it order to capture a wider audience. It can make amazing quality products by mere see engineering. Large firms are required to have greater security, for which ERP system are considered to be ideal as they are an indispensable tool in the area of security. It protects the company against some considerable crimes such as embezzlement or industrial espionage, thus safeguarding the company from massive losses every year. Large

Picasso's Les Demoiselles DAvignon and de Kooning's Woman Essay

Picassos Les Demoiselles DAvignon and de Koonings Woman - Essay ExampleThe title refers to the supposed Maisons DAvignon, the houses of pleasure in Avignon Street in Barcelona. The painting nevertheless faced rejection from his close friends and family, because of its openness and carnality. This art was a good example of the African influence on modern European art. galore(postnominal) art historians have noticed the striking resemblance between certain African mask room and the mask-like faces of the five women. African art was used in this context, either as visual evidence for the spreading of cultural traits from innovative centers, or as evidence for the social evolution of cultures from groups which were capable of natural representation, to those which had presumably graduated to the mastery of geometric stylization and abstract forms.Picasso had found a source for a new, non-naturalistic substance of representing the world and it blocks the real features of a woman. In this art, a woman is a significant symbol Picasso represents her as a desecrated icon already torn into bits, and reveals more of rock foundation of sexiest anti-human and celebrates the control of a woman by man.Willem De Kooning was a painter and sculptor of Dutch birth. He was a leading underframe in the abstract expression. His work is characterized by an inherent stylelessness, resulting from the constant parallel exploration of divergent themes and techniques (Marter 44). For two years, he worked on his art the woman 1 (1950-52, in New York), an image which has become a totem and icon of the times.

Little Red Riding Hood Presented In Different Cultures Research Paper - 1

Little Red Riding poser Presented In Different Cultures - Research Paper eccentricLittle Red Riding Hood is yet another tale that has been told many times in order to teach children lessons of not talking to strangers or disobeying their parents and elders. However, this story has been presented in various forms in disparate cultures all around the world because the best part about fairytales is that they may be morphed and diffused into divers(prenominal) cultures and retold in different languages with the help of characters and beings that people are familiar with within the purview of their own cultures. The story of Little Red Riding Hood talks about a little girl who wore a red hooded cloak and went into the forest to look for wild berries and fruits. In the process, she was tricked into following a wolf dressed as her grandma, inside a house in a deserted part of the forest, where the wolf ultimately ate her up. The moral here is that children should not talk to or follo w and believe strangers because they might declension into trouble and not have anyone around them to protect them from the evils of life. On viewing the same in a larger picture, parents tell their children this story as it is presented with a view to helping them understand the cruelties that lie in the world with respect to molestation, rape, and other criminal activities like vandalism and kidnapping, and how their children might be affected during their teenaged years because those are the vulnerable years of a persons life. Written by Gillian Cross, fauna is a very loose adaption of what a modern-day version of Little Red Riding Hood might be it talks about the cruelties that young people are made to suffer and in like manner social problems that rage in the world at present.

Research Paper on the emergency response of InternationaL Nashville

On the jot response of InternationaL Nashville drome, Tennesse - look for Paper ExampleThere are different types of tinge natural disasters and man-made situations and disasters. The natural disasters may appear in the shape of hurricanes, tornadoes, and earthquakes while man-made disasters include acts of terrorism, food poisoning or each other issue that may be technical. Based on this assessment, the emergency response plan cannot be absolute or perfect rather, it may be developed based on the type of the disaster. However, at that place are certain aviation standards, procedures and protocols essential for all types of emergencies or accidents. In the following parts of this paper, hazard Command System (ICS) has been discussed. It is a national level protocol describing the different aspects and concepts related to emergency. The key concepts built-in in it are common terminology, unity of command and so on. It is followed by the part mentioning Nashville worldwide Airp ort background and different awards (as well as reasons for them) won by the airport. Additionally, the subsequent paragraph elaborates the canonical information relating to the airport. After that part, rules and regulations relating to the Accident Reports and Emergency Conditions have been provided and discussed. These rules and regulations have been taken from Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority. Before the conclusion part, the analysis of Nashville Airport emergency response exercises has been provided. The exercises have been described in detail to provide different steps taken by different authorities while responding to the emergency situations.The Incident Command System (ICS) is a nationally developed and controlled collection of constructs, procedures and operating practices providing synergistic principles for emergency response agencies (Kenville et al., 2009). This system was initially developed and established in 1970s in numerous formats and has plump the wide ly used de facto standard amongst all agencies, particularly those

Reality television Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Reality television - Essay ExampleThis has created two different audience that watch shows on televisions. We take on one with high talented appeal, and the other one with low intellectual appeal.With these two groups, pen Television Shows and unscripted Television Shows are created to make each group with the shows they watch. With Scripted shows, shows are penned script handed to performer only to perform according to the commands of the show-runner or the director. This is different with the unscripted shows that are broadcasted with the news reporters improvising the information to make it more appealing over the scripted one.Shows like Survivor, American Idol and Real housewives of New Jersey can help us in expounding the argument. entirely of these shows are reality based shows, but their targeted audience differs. For the Survivor, the audience is a group of people that have an adventurous, out-going and a courageous state of mind. For the American idol, the demographic m arket is varied with mixed audience ceremony this program. College students, high school kids, sub-urban housewives and teenage girls have their share in making American idol a success. The Real Housewives of New Jersey are kind of shows that appeals to both sub-urban and rural house wives by incorporating issues much(prenominal) as gossips, divorce and infidelity as their character (Neil 1).The 2nd biggest media industry in the world is India. In terms of revenue, it is the chief competitor to the Hollywood. In 2003, India had the first performance of its first reality television serial Roadies. The ground of the show was to bring contestants from all over India together. Sixteen contestants from the four cities were selected in the audition for the expedition in all over India. In the journey, they were to perform one contestant to be eliminated from each round. The effrontery of the show was essentially an Indian version of the American hit series Survivor, but the

Performance, Planning and Decision-Making Essay - 1

Performance, Planning and Decision-Making - Essay casingThe setting impart enumerate the advantages that can be experienced by an fundamental law by selecting an tolerate leadership style. At the same time, the context of the essay will explain some inherent problems associated with unrivaled single type of leadership. At the end the researcher will state that authentic leadership border on is the best method to govern a concern in the current dynamic world. The entire context of the essay will include several empirical examples for making the abstract more robust.The essay will focus on the importance of choosing enamour leadership style for successful organizational performance. It will critic on the wholey analyze for and against the statement concerned. The analysis will be done with the help of theoretical and empirical analysis tools. The state of employment complexity has significantly increased in the current era. At this juncture, stock firms actively seek produc tive ways by which they would be able to achieve competitive edges in business (Casson and Wadeson, 2012). Efficiency of factor resources is crucially required for long-term growth of a company. However, growth and productivity of all resources can be stimulated by a leader or an entrepreneur. Many researchers observe leadership as an important causal factor affecting performance of an organization.However, there exist very a couple of(prenominal) studies that show the exact ways that allow leadership to affect performance, culture and climate of a business organization. There are various researches conducted on leadership relating to human services in organizations, but slight investigation has been conducted on appropriate practice of leadership in the similar context. It is believed by some researchers that an organization is able to effectively prepare growth plans in business only after determining an appropriate leadership style. This is because through leadership, managemen t system of

Organisational change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Organisational diverge management - Essay ExampleThe positive zilch approach will help to build the organisations on the strengths (Cooperrider and Whitney, 2001 Cooperrider, et al., 2008). The first step in this process is identifying and describing the problems which atomic number 18 needed to be solved. The approach can be described in five steps (Source The midpoint Health Summit, 2013) Definition Definition is the first phase of the Appreciative Inquiry process. It is the phase where the organisations try to see out the underlying issues of the current business process, which require immediate attention of the management. In this phase, the management makes a flow map of those factors which are creating problems in the present business process and require orthogonal enquiry. In todays business environment, the importance of organisational change management has been one of the most widely investigated areas. The organisational change management has gained attraction to a gr eat extent from the researchers all around the world. According to Harigopal (2006), the organisational change is an inherent process associated with the growth and expansion of a particular business. It is considered to be a complex process because a change which was successful for one organisation might not be so for other organisations. Thus, it becomes needful to check that the change is congruent to dynamism, complexity and finally the uniqueness of the respective organization. The changes taking place in the political, economic and social environment also has an effect on the individuals and the organizations. Even if the change has been a constant quantity process but its rapidity and swiftness do always been different. It is because of this reason that the external environmental changes have forced the organizations to make certain changes in their operational systems. We find a large number of companies implementing non-homogeneous strategic changes for coping up with the existing challenges. In case of strategic change, the companies restructure their business or marketing plans in a wider context. The main intention of performing strategic changes in an organization is for achieving the organizational goals and harmonizing the organizational activities along with the business environment. Organizational change management is one of the most crucial activities of an organization (Chen, et al., 2013). According to Jones (2004), there are two reasons responsible for the changes in the organizations. One is the response to the changes in the external environment. Another reason is the response of the companies to a specific crisis situation. The organizational change also becomes evident when variant companies undergo any change in their executive power (Haveman, Russo and Meyer, 2001). The present study deals with the investigation of the problems in D2, which is an automobile components manufacturer. The company is facing a large number of probl ems associated with the cost of operations. The economic downturn has resulted in the worsening of the scenario in the company. D2 had to struggle for surviving in the market. The company planned for formulation of new strategies in order to achieve the economies of scale. The new strategy which has been taken into consideration is yet to be conveyed to the employees and only the senior managers are informed about the strategy

REMEDIES LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

REMEDIES LAW - Essay ExampleIn considering the impact of blame culture, this study will reflect on the attitudes of decide when being asked to apportion liability, and read case law in this area in order to explore whether recent cases demonstrate hesitance or willingness on the part of judges with regard to the apportioning of blame.Mullender (2006) suggests that the culture of blame might base of operations from the emergence of professional negligence claims and personal injury claims. In his study he noted that judges had become aware of a rise in the number of claims, some of which appeared to be fake. In McLoughlin v OBrien 19821 Lord Wilberforce warned thatsuch an extension may lead to a proliferation of claims, and possibly fraudulent claims, to the geological formation of an industry of lawyers and psychiatrists who will formulate a claim for nervous shock damages, including what in America is called the prevalent miscarriage, for all, or many, road accidents and indus trial accidents.Blame culture focuses on the need to hold someone responsible for what might otherwise have been considered a mere accident. Atiyah (1997) suggests that the culture of blame exists not only in claims for personal injuries and losses, but also in the criminal sphere, where there is a desperate need to pick up the person responsible for the crime that has been committed, and to see them punished for their wrongdoing.Vines (2008) argues that previously an injured party would have been ready to accept an apology for the accident as suitable recompense for the harm caused, but with the insurgence of the recompense culture, apologies are often construed as admissions of guilt, and used in order to claim monetary pay for the harm. The UK government has attempted to address this assumption through s2 of the Compensation Act 2006 which states thatThis does not stop the royal court allowing the adducing of such admissions in court, but is

IT Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IT ethical motive - Essay ExampleThis is forcing companies to regulate as well as contain company secrets in an enwrap circle of managers as a means of protecting the future of an IT organization. However, the state of the economy has influenced the ideology that either person has a price.Managers are poached from one steadfast to another, which implies that individuals can reveal secrets of the firm to competitors (Kelly, 2006). This has made business difficult, especially with the growth of the World Wide Web (www). Social media sites are beingness banned in organizations to protect company operations and regulate employee activity. In some cases, managers monitor the activities of employees on their computers to ensure that employees follow protocol at work. This has affected privacy in the office however, it benefits the firm in containing secrets and/or confidential data.In conclusion, IT companies are struggling in containing company secrets. This is attributed to the hars h economic times, as well as corruption in various sectors. This has prompted firms to clampdown on social media sites to preserve the security of instruction in the firm (Kelly, 2006). Though privacy is fore-gone in companies for employees, the firm will overlook ethical behavior, for information

Evaluate the role played by the therapeutic relationship in any two Essay

Evaluate the role play by the therapeutic relationship in any two mental therapies - Essay ExampleThis eject be in their family, relationships in school (for children and college students) or in traffic with mostthing in society. As they stimulate through these issues around their pain the therapist has to take into consideration that the healing process is often rattling complicated when the individual is in the process of individual changes.In any therapy office social and psychological factors for each individual will be different. Clients bring everything they know to the setting and it is the therapists job to help the knob unravel those situations that appear difficult. Socially, they will bring what they were taught as children. These teachings will revolve around beliefs, attitudes and general thoughts almost life in general. Many are attempting to move out of limiting beliefs and take hold of a better life. Psychological factors that they bring can also turn into psy chological disorders. These disorders can disrupt numerous of the processes that an individual goes through when attempting to effect individual change.Social issues that are worldwide are characteristic of the terra firma we live in today. Many people are suffering from depression, anxiety and anger. Also, people are dealing with issues around alcohol abuse, aging and attachment. These issues are present in most societies today because of war and different problems within countries. Global disasters will also cause problems. When there is a national or global disaster more people relate to it whether they are personally involved or not. Sometimes a national disaster can create problems that are latent in individuals. For instance, when 9/11 happened many people were faced with feelings about their own mortality. If they lost a friend or loved one, they had feelings of grief. However, some people had feelings of grief for all of humanity. This type of disaster again can cause d epression, anger, grief, feelings of hopelessness and pip traumatic stress disorder. Some

Miss Representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Miss Representation - Essay ExampleIn addition to this, only 16% are writers, directors, producers, cinematographers and editors. Patriarchy has played a big role about women representation. This paper is going to collapse the power of the media. The paper win analyzes the effects of the negative identity created by the media on the female partnership hence affecting their roles in the society. The media has been used to portray a negative effect about women and this has further influenced their roles and positions in the world. This is because you cant be what you cant see.The media is the message and the messenger these were the opening remarks in this documentary by Pat Mitchell who is the president and CEO of Paley Center for Media. The author of The Macho Paradox capital of Mississippi Katz argues that people percolate a lot from the media that in any other source. On the other cut into Jim Steyer the CEO of Common sense Media argues that the media is delivering the content that is shaping our society. Even though women make 51% of the make sense US macrocosm the number that makes it to elite positions in the US is very minimal. The media is to blame for this. The media makes and delivers the news and for this campaign most of the things we watch and see is as a result of the trends liked by the media. The media has portrayed the males as dominant over the females. Patriarchy is evident and the female identity has been blurred. Nude pictures are used only over as a way of attraction. The director of this film reveals that despite the 51% female population only 17 comprises the social intercourse. To prove that patriarchy is evident the first woman made it in the congress during the 2010 mid-term elections since 1979.Most of the youths are spending most of their times in the media especially through the social sites and they learn a lot from the media which shapes their lives. More especially, the girls are getting the message from a tender age s ecure by watching

Marketing in Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing in Fashion - Essay ExampleThe essay Marketing in Fashion concerns the demeanor marketing. Marketing look for is a primary strategy used by marketers to assess the market environment and the customer-mix and to learn the customers needs. A shop-window provides 24-hour advertising and creates and identity for the shop. Using celebrities as models has also been a successful marketing strategy. Advertising has evermore been an effective marketing strategy for fashion clothing. Creating and utilise catchy terminology to describe fashion costume is a recent and effective trend in fashion marketing. PR events such as sign up and commercial events play a significant role in fashion marketing communications. Meeting sociological needs of the people like overweight, age and utility is an emerging trend. An example is the marketing of designer clothing for plus-size women. Building customer relationships can help create new customers and keep the old ones. A well-recognised no te name is the most valuable asset of any business. This can increase customer loyalty in the short term as well as retain substantial value long term. at last and most most-valuablely, assuring employees that the organisation values their input is important for the success of any campaign.Marketing fashion is a process that ensures that the products, from the producers hands, reach the consumers hands by motivating the consumer to buy the products. However, marketers cannot coerce customers into buying and this is especially reliable for the fashion industry as evidenced.... Lastly and most importantly, assuring employees that the organisation values their input is important for the success of any campaign.FASHION MARKETING A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW1. IntroductionMarketing fashion is a process that ensures that the products, from the producers hands, reach the consumers hands by motivating the consumer to buy the products. However, marketers cannot coerce customers into buying and t his is especially true for the fashion industry as evidenced by the failure of the Woolworths womenswear retail chain (Bohdanowicz & clamp 1994, p.2). Marketers of fashion will have to consider all factors that influence the industry to ensure successful reply of products. While consumer preferences and utility would be the main factors to be considered while marketing fashion, with the increasing popularity for green products, affable marketing strategies will have increased significance in fashion marketing in the culmination decades. This report aims to analyse all marketing issues including those relating to the market environment, consumer behaviour and consumer relationships, marketing research, promotions like shop-window dressing, advertising, fashion shows, using celebrities as models, advertising, advertising jargons, creating brand equity, PR events, etc., sociological needs and staff involvement. Marketing tools like brochures, catalogues, cabal kits, look books, et c. have not been included in the report as they are turn and general, and do not have any specific use in fashion marketing in particular.2. Market environmentIn the fashion industry, the external environment poses several challenges to marketing, which can be categorize as

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation Research Paper

Iran and Iraeli Current Situation - Research radical ExampleIranian Nuclear Program - Historical Background Being launched in the 1970s low the Shah, the series of Irans ambitious thermonuclear projects heavily relied on the U.S. and European assistance Iran had struck a deal with the West-German company, KWU, to build two 1200 megawatt reactors and negotiated the construction of another two 900 megawatt reactors with the French Framatome (Iran Watch, 2012). The determination set by the Shah had been for the country to produce over 20000 megawatts of electricity from nuclear power move within the next twenty years (Iran Watch, 2012). Following the revolution in 1979 and the war with Iraq that started in 1980, the nuclear energy broadcast had been abandoned and the existing infrastructure considerably damaged. However, since the late 1980s, Irans nuclear program had been revived and given a fresh impetus via the assistance from Russia and China (Iran Watch, 2012). ... Q. Khan ( Iran Watch, 2012 Cronin, Kronstadt and Squassoni, 2005). Both substantial progress and probable scope of Irans nuclear program became clear, to a degree or another, in 2003, when the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducted a series of safeguards inspections, along with verification of Irans activities in the area of uracil enrichment, intended to set off implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement in the country (IAEA, 2003). Having piece no evidence of activities related to development of nuclear weapons by then, the Agency emphasized the necessity of raise inspections, enough time and Irans full cooperation, in order to be able to conclude that Iran nuclear program is exclusively for peaceful purposes (IAEA, 2003). In 2004, however, Iran was rebuked for failing to cooperate with IAEAs inquiry and agreed to avert most of its uranium enrichment activity under a deal with the EU nevertheless, uranium conversion was resumed at Isfahan plant in 2005, and Iran was ac cused of violation of NPT (Aljazeera, 2012). From 2005 to 2009, there were a series of breaches in Irans promises and the agreements with IAEA concerning the uranium enrichment activities, accompanied by sweeping U.S sanctions against the country, Irans rocket-test launches, including such of a of a long-range missile adapted of reaching Israel, and a UN Security Council resolution on Irans uranium enrichment program (Aljazeera, 2012). Following the young disclosure of an underground enrichment facility at Fordow, nearby Qom, and Irans rejection of the international demand for freezing the project, some(prenominal) important developments took place in 2009, including an IAEA report that suggested for the first time Iran might be chasing

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business Law - Essay ExampleThis Corporate conformity invent version is oddly developed for the officers and directors of Riordan Manufacturing to make them aware of the existence of laws that regulate certain acts and that violation thereof not just exposes the company to fines and penalties but makes them liable for fines and/or imprisonment as well. In addition, any violation of these laws forget also merit them severe sanction by the company like termination, depending on the severity of the act. This Compliance Plan also reminds the officers and directors that it is the company policy to abide by the laws of the land.A Compliance Officer is designated by the company for the purpose of ensuring that all the provisions of this Compliance Plan are implemented and supervised efficiently and rigorously. The Compliance Officer shall have the following duties and functionsPeriodically review the efficacy and efficiency of this Compliance Plan and proposes changes, amendments and new measures that will enhance, improve and ensure that Riordan Manufacturing maintains corporate policies that are ethically and legally sound and adaptTo perform such other duties necessary and relevant to the implementation and supervision of the Compliance Plan and for such purpose, engage the aid of subordinates, if necessary, to facilitate such implementation and supervision.An ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION is any heart of settling differences extra-judicially that is without or before resorting to court actions. The term can include within its ambit anything and everything that seeks to drop down conflicts between parties like negotiation, mediation, conciliation, arbitration or even mini-trials approximating that of formal judicial court trials. In the apprehend of resolving intra-agency and inter-agency between and among officers or directors of Riordan Manufacturing

First Documentary Essay Example for Free

prototypal Documentary EssayRobert Flahertys classic film tells the story of Inuit hunter Nanook and his family as they struggle to conk in the harsh conditions of Canadas Hudson Bay region. Id say that the vast majority of footage is staged, in the sense that Flaherty told the actors what to do in order to fit the frame. Yet there is a weird genuineness to what Flaherty ends up with, probably because of all the stories and local culture he had absorbed in the months preceding. Flahertys suffer was to document a personal publicner of life, not a series of incidents that happened to occur while his camera was on.He represents his subject to the audience, portraying staged events as real but on the other hand, the theme is the fighting of humans against nature and the fight for survival in a hostile environment. Although the film is just showing a fewer spate, it can be seen as an exploration of the world of a different mass and their culture. Much of the action was st aged and gives an inaccurate view of real Inuit life during the early 20th century. Nanook was in fact named Allakariallak, for instance, while the wife shown in the film was not really his wife.And although Allakariallak normally utilize a gun when hunting, Flaherty encouraged him to hunt after the fashion of his ancestors in order to capture what was believed to be the way the Inuit lived before European influence. The close to impressive characteristic in his way of filming is how he played out a few months in the Arctic to record the daily life of the Eskimo, Nanook and his family on camera (the hunting, fishing, grammatical construction of iglus, fur- employment, child care, and the sleigh-dogs).Its dramaturgic and narrative sophistication is by showing the daily life of Nanook and his family, Flaherty avoids a reticent or distanced position from the protagonists and allows for the audience to identify with them, although they are exotic primitives, Flahertys Eskimos are ac ting subject, no ethnographical objects . Additionally, Flaherty did not show any signs of the clumsiness of a beginner in his cinematographic abilities. Not only did he know how to take good pictures, he also knew how to tell stories with them.He used recollective takes mainly, which are realized by a motionless position of the camera (with only a few pans) and the action is caught mainly using a medium close-up distance of framing. Like his models, Flaherty used a linear narrative in chronological order, mostly unedited and story-lines are not resolved. Also, following their fashion, he used dramatic effects by restricting the view with the camera to create suspense by let pictures run through the frame slowly, disclosing their meaning and purpose only gradually.A good example for this is the first step sequence, introducing the dramatis personae Nanook and his family, Nyla, his wife with the youngest baby on her arms, the children Allee, Cunayou, and Comock, and the husky. Thi s way of filming expresses the exploration of the world of a different people and their culture. We see the hunters creeping inch by inch upon a herd of slumbering walruses, and because Nanook springing up and harpooning one, and then a fierce struggle in which the mate of the walrus joins the battle. Such scenes simplify Inuit life to its most basic reality.In this land the only food comes from other animals, which must be hunted and killed. Everything the family uses its food, fuel, clothes and tools, comes in some way from those animals, except for the knives and perhaps harpoon points, which they obtain at a trading post. The effects created here is the fact that a lot of the action in Nanook was initiated by the Eskimos themselves, such as the walrus hunt. This becomes clear during the take in which a fur-trader attempts to entertain Nanook with a gramophone.Nanook plays the simple-minded wild man who uses his teeth to check how the white man conserves his voice on a record. The other example, is during the he construction of an igloo. Nanook and his friends carve big blocks of snow and stack them in a circle, carving new ones from the bedeck so that it sinks as the walls rise and curve inward to form a dome. Then he finds sheets of ice, cuts holes in the igloo walls, and inserts the ice to make windows. There is another igloo, a smaller one, for the dogs.And inside the big igloo, the tiniest igloo of all, for puppies, which the big dogs would quickly eat. Conclusions Although the story of Nanooks family is unscripted, Flaherty approached them with a preconceived idea of what he would film. Accounting for decisions nigh what would and would not be filmed, the notion that he has captured real life becomes vague. The Eskimos look directly at the camera, sensible that they are being filmed. Flaherty even brought film processing equipment with him, so he could develop and view the reels as he shot them.The Eskimos viewed the reels as well and understood what was going on. Furthermore, Flaherty intended to create a experience film, as features were popular in theaters at the time. He included aspects of features in his work such as dramatic narrative, characters with personalities, conflicts and resolutions. At 79 minutes, it was considered feature length at the time. He simply chose to use unscripted, uncostumed non-actors in a natural setting. References Robert Flaherty. Nanook of the North A story of life and love in the actual arctic.

Australian Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Australian Stereotypes EssayStereotyping the Australians has always been a common practice by people all around the beingness. In fact, Australia has been classified as iodine of the most stereotyped nations in the world due to the sense that much of the international community believes that they have a solid dread regarding Australian society, despite the fact that their beliefs bear little similarities to the certainities of Australian life in the 21st Century. Australia is a complex nation that is riddled with assumptions that are downright false, and sometimes ridiculous. Theres no denying it as soon the word Australia is out, our mind automatically paints a certain glossy picture. For starters, people have fancied that the Australians love to barbecue all the time. Now, while everyone loves a scrumptious and moist barbecued chicken, who in the world would have the time (or patience) to spend the whole morning barbecuing steaks and chicken just to provide a simple break fast, and repeat the tedious process again for lunch and dinner every single day? The baneful clean-up process and charcoal stains are simply enough to test my patience.However, people in the across the nation has evoke countless of preconceptions that the Aussies are found to be a bunch of barbecue-addicted people, much to the annoyance of the Australians. The real question is how did this Australian stereotype become so viral? Australia itself is culpable. Tourism Australia has tried to boost their touristry industries by commercializing Australians with a fresh and rejuvenating look such as the stereotypical beach and bimbos image popularised in the 1980s.However, the portrayal that Aussies loves hang out at the beach every day and put another pewee on the barbecue (or barbie, in the Australian slang) apparently bears a scanty resemblance with the reality. Nick Bryant, a Sydney correspondent also suggested that the popularity of television programs such as Neighbours and Home and Away only rendered the British mankind to carry a superficial perception of Australia that is not representative of the majority of the nation.Throw another pewee on the barbie was a 1980s tourism slogan by Paul Hogan which remains as one of the most recognisable quotes associated with Australia within the international community. Another popular Australian stereotype is being fighter aircraft drunkards. People have always assumed that the cities of Australia are full of drunken people, empty scotch bottles and muddied alcohol stenches. However, if you happen to walk at the streets of Melbourne, you will realize that it is just like any ceremonious city, bustling with working ladies and man as opposed to the stereotypical view.Studies have also proved that the artless only ranks 44th in terms of global alcohol consumption as opposed to the seventeenth ranking of the UK. In a nutshell, some of the stereotypical views on Australians are proved to be fictive although some pa rts of them that are quite true. Stereotypes can be hard to avoid, so my advice is DO not always believe what you hear Many things are always not what they are seemed to be so always do a little research first before ascertaining its validity.

Lean Supply Chain Management Essay Example for Free

Lean Supply Chain Management EssayManufacturing, Fall River, MA, regular army Abstract Lean fork up is closely associated with enabling ? ow and the elimination of wasteful variation within the tag on chain. However, lean operations depend on level scheduling and the growing need to accommodate variation and demand uncertainty has resulted in the emergence of the concept of agility.This paper explores the role of inventory and capacity in accommodating such variation and identi? es how TRIZ separation principles and TOC tools may be combined in the integrated development of responsive and ef? cient supply chains. A detailed apparel industry case study is utilize to illustrate the application of these concepts and tools. r 2003 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. Keywords Agile Trade-offs Lean Quick response 1. inception Outsourcing manufacture to low cost overseas suppliers is an attractive lure in our global economy, but ofttimes undertaken without adequate regard for the market needs and the corresponding demands on the associated delivery systems. Products compete in antithetical ways in different markets and delivery systems need to be designed with this in mind. Offshore supply offers attractive cost bene? ts, but the trade-off is often high levels of inventory to support a drawn-out response capability.

All human interaction Essay Example for Free

All human inter exploit EssayAll human interaction is powerplay. How is powerplay represented in Antigone? Powerplay involves the complex struggle and manipulation for authority and dominance between opposing ideologies. Several diverse forms of powerplay done human interaction ar experienced, however power is a tortuous process to attain and go forward due to its tangible and onlyusive reputation. Sophocles Antigone delves into this convoluted interplay of powers through investigating the relationship between political and individualised power.Not only does Antigone explore the consequences when perceive power is challenged, but also when state law of nature and antheral authority are challenged. Thus the texts utilisation of powerplay through human interaction enhances its intricate nature. Antigones act of insubordination to Creons edict is due to her belief that man-made laws are inferior to the unwritten laws of God, whereas Creon views that an enemy of state is not deserving of an honourable burial. This powerplay is primarily a conflict of point of view between Creon and Antigone arising directly from their differing value, perspectives and personalities.Creon, who values to establish his reign of power after an acrimonious battle between the two brothers vying for political control, depicts a politic and pragmatic attitude. He believes that he is restoring stability and peace to his kingdom by establishing such an brute(prenominal) law. He also reinforces his view to not give equal honour to good and bad which portrays Creon nature to reward the loyalty and punish the rebellion. Furthermore, Creon contends that he must appear to be a powerful and reasonable leader of Thebes.He explains to Haemon that letting Antigone go with impunity for defying his laws would make him a traitor as stated in How if I tolerate a traitor at home, shall I rule those abroad? . This is ironic as Creon himself develops into a traitor since he refuses to comp ly with divine law. Antigone however values to abide higher law as she has the duty to the dead to sink them, keeping with divine law. She believes that as a sister, she has the duty to bury her family members regardless of the laws that are imple handsted against it.The citizens of Thebes create powerplay in support of her perception that divine law everyplacerules Creons decree. For example, Haemon expresses that Antigones action is noble in Know how the people mourn this maiden doomed for noblest deeds to die the shoot of deaths. Antigone moreover yearns for a noble death to compensate her history of misfortunes as she alliterates in The weird of Oedipus, a world of woes . Her own initiative of a noble death is ironic as she is incapable of maintaining her calmness and reveals her human frailties resulting in her suicidal.Through Creons and Antigones differing views on political power, their conflict of values and beliefs represents powerplay in the tragedy. Sophocles conveys in Antigone the inherently destructive nature to the wielders of power signifying that those who play with power get out ultimately lose all power. Creon rules by trepidation in a despotic manner and also by pride in his power, which will not allow him to acquiesce resulting in dire consequences.He firmly believes that his actions are moral contradicting the divine laws of the gods who honour the dead. Teiresias points out that Creon commits an atrocious sin by condemning a living human cosmos to death inside a grave, as he keeps a rotting boy in daylight. Creons actions against Antigone and Polyneices tree trunk demonstrate his attempts in inverting the order of nature, defying the gods through the assertion of his political power. Haemon challenges Creons parental power by confrontment on his rational decision of Antigones fate.He uses metaphoric language in See how the trees beside a stream in flood sae, if they yield to force, each spray unharmed, but by resisting perish roo t and branch, to compare Creons royal authority to a tree representing how he governs his kingdom. Haemon advises that even though his decisions were for the good of the people, in the end his intractable and unyielding nature towards Antigone will perish him. Creons ignorance to these confrontments is symbolic of his blindness to the catastrophic events he was creating, thus losing all power over controlling his fate.Antigone creates powerplay in her confrontation with Creon as she attempts to use her power to prevail over his male and kingly authorities. Her determination and courage derives from her belief that she did not commit a crime. She declares that the laws of the state are not binding as they have been laid down by a man and men are not infallible. Antigones statement is a direct challenge to male dominance and Creons political power, exhibit her critical involvement in the powerplay.

Enter Thomas Hardy Essay Example for Free

memorialize Thomas Hardy EssayEnter Thomas Hardy, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert toasting, Gerard Manley Hopkins and William Blake. The poets atomic number 18 seated around a sm e genuinely(prenominal) table in a crowded and agitated Chinese restaurant, at the heart of Texas. subsequently the initial shock and excitement of their unwonted experience, they tout ensemble meditate on the state of the introduction in which they welcome accidentally landed, poring over a newspaper cut that announces the ending of a youthfulish missy as a result of heroin overdose.A heavy silence has set on the poets table, in strange contrast to the loud mirth of the small Chinese restaurant. Raising his brow, Hardy interrupts the silence. He speaks slowly, with a clear but tired interpretive program Hardy Surely my beliefs are strengthened by this loathly mishap. If only at that calculate was a malevolent ruler of the universe to blame for the brute(a) death of this young girl. Then all our voices would roar against him, accusing him of injustice and absurdity. We would smell out betrayed and angry that the supreme ruler of the world ill-uses his creatures so.But I take to it clear now, as I be in possession of filln it and heard it so lots in the mysterious and neutral voice of nature all around me the universe is a muddle shell in that location is no other voice in this world than that of nature and go on let loose through the ages and creating havoc in our poor, dry landly existence. The death of this beautiful child is the answer of the impersonal and cruel force of chance to all our try fors and ideals. in that respect are some(prenominal) of us who have fallen in love with the world and its wonders, as thither are many of us who have always scorned it.I have heard the world speak to me many ages, warning me not to look for nitty-grittys where there are none. I have long heard it say to me not to look for promises in the entanglement of un c ertainties and in the play of chance. This is what the world has long said to me I do not promise overmuch, babe overmuch moreover neutral-tinted haps and such. This fair warning still rings in my ears today. There is only chance in this world, that is all there is. Nothing lasts and no intellect can be made of all we see around us. We look for contents where there are only occurrences. One happening follows another and we are at the mercy of chance and time.Despite our passionate search for answers, the nature sends back only a dispassionate, neutral response, playing its games and rolling the dices. Casualty is the most powerful governing law we have and there is no hope for escape. It is this crass Casualty that obstructs the sun and rain, giving us the good moments and the big(a) moments by turns. Nature follows its own logic, not ours. And time plays dice with the world, casting its sums of moans and joy and making us obey its impersonal and mute force. I do not see any ot her meaning in the death of this young girl.She, like the rest of us, was in the hands of chance. Had her life been long and happy, she would have owed it all to chance still. There is too much arbitrariness in everything to believe we are rule by a paragon who reasons and who loves. Nothing happens for a reason. Do not further look for meaning in this my friends, for there are none and never expect much, for there is nothing more The others have listened in silence to Hardys disconsolate speech. When he ceased however, Tennyson began in a tremulous, shake voice Tennyson Oh, my friends, these would have been my own words once.Like you, I would have looked upon this young girls death as the substantiation of all my aching questions. I have often felt like an baby crying desperately for know guidege, for the light of meaning to suppress the darkness of the world At times there seemed to be no answer anywhere. I wanted to see that nothing walks with aimless feet, that there is no d estruction of life and that everything that happens has a purpose and a meaning in the larger, unseen order of things. I wanted to understand immortal as the careful designer of all, the divine force that gives meaning to everything there is and does not allow anything to perish.I painfully wavered between belief and disbelief At times, I could not endure the thought that anything in the world was useless or de neutralise of purpose. If paragon was here with us, a mere worm would have its significance in the world and its place in eternity on with the whole of the origin. But oftentimes my belief and my need for knowledge stumbled on the carelessness of nature. I wondered many times whether immortal and Nature were at strife, seeing that Nature lends such immoral dreams. The hope in a divine order of things seemed to be shattered every time I beheld the evil workings of nature.Truly, nature seems not to care for the individual life. It crushes and destroys and casts life away as rubbish to the void. To me also then nature was a nightmare I could not make any sense of. A while ago, this innocent girls death would have seemed another evil motion of nature, an unjust robbery. Life and mans entire existence seemed so futile at certain momentsA mere girl dying for no reason, a whole life cut unretentive because of a misplaced stepOh, how easy it is for reason to doubt everything and for faith to die in the soul of manBut since, I have been shown a different path and for me faith has been renewed. Even at times like these, I feel that we have paragon in our souls, redden if it difficult to recognize him in nature. I now know that it was the voice in my heart that has kept me from disbelief. Each time the voice of cold reason interfered and questioned the meaning of all, my heart stood up and answered I have felt campaign made me blind at times, but my heart cried out and melted my anger with its passion. Our knowledge of God comes only in these moments when the heart answers eagerly and warmly to all our questions.The death of a child makes me dingy beyond speech, but it does not harden me anymore. I now believe that death is just a brief moment that takes us from lifes shore to deaths domain and Gods infinite ocean. God awaits us on the infinite ocean and he will be our Pilot ever after, our guiding light in the infinite sea of time and matter. Once I cross over, I hope to see my Pilot face to face, and I hope that this young girl has already seen him Tennyson had spoken warmly and tremulously, his whole soul into the words that tumbled from him. From his shaded place at the table, Browning repliedBrowning Your soul is as pure as your faith, my dear Tennyson. We have r individuallyed this strange time and place in history to meet death itself and behold it through the eyes of a child. Mortals idolize death, with its noncitizen grip that will surround each of us as a mist and transport us to some mysterious realm. Life is stra nge and death seems even stranger. Any mortal would feel shaken in front of this last and final struggle. But what could it be in the end, but one more experience and the last in this life? I would hate that Death bandaged my eyes, and forbore and made me filch past. I want to taste death to the full as I have tasted this life and feel the moment in its fullness. The girl has left this world but someone will be delay for her on the other side and her soul will be filled again. Once I am gone from this world, I know that I will regain my lost love and clasp her in my hands once more. Death is but a brief moment, a struggle that will takes us to a place of eternal stay, where we will rest with God. This world is indeed full of chances and mishaps, but all these will be resolved once we are on the other sideIf love has remained unrealized in this life, it will be rekindled in eternity.I do believe that we lose nothing by death and that the other life is as rewarding as this one. I do not fear death and only expect it to carry me back to my loverThis girl must have led a tormented life, the prey of her own restless desires and questions, like all of us. She will find her peace in the eternal life and she will find her place there. There is nothing to fear, not even deathI will wait for it but not as an end, only as a new and fresh beginning. Browning had but uttered these words that Hopkins beganHopkins Shake off the discontent that has intruded upon your hearts, my friends You see the death of a child as a black and tragic event, and it certainly seems so when our mortal and untrained eyes behold it. Man is frail in the hands of the divine will, his powers are limited. But the more mighty seems the everlasting ruler of the world The drudgery of our existence seems to hide Gods glory from our eyes. Generations have trod, have trod, have trod and all is seared with trade bleared, smeared with toil The earth itself smells of man and his works.Yet, in the midst of all this trade and toil we the world appears charged with the grandeur of God. His creation and power and infinite and so are the possibilities of the world. It is through Gods almighty design that we see light disappear in one part of the world, knowing that it suddenly begins to shine in another. Just like light and darkness always coexist, nothing reigns in nature for an unlimited period of time. through with(predicate) the power of God, the good and the bad coexist in the world at all times. This girls death is compensated by another design of God, perhaps unknown to us at present. except God could make all these different things come into existence at the same time. Nature is never spent, there lives the dearest freshness deep down things. Tasting life, with its good and bad moments, we taste of the very glory of God, who is careful to pour his infinite essence into everything there is. Death is not an end as long as God lives in everything, as long as joy springs up from each fresh beginning. Each day begins with a morning and ends with a night, and yet nothing is ever the same. Gods glory shines through all things, like a foil that you shake in the light.There are no dead things in this world all matter becomes translucent and fiery with Gods light. With a death, the world may seem bent like a hunchback, crushed underneath the weight of loss, but overall I see the shining spirit of the Holy Ghost oscillation its bright locomote The body of the world will ever be lifted by the wings of the almighty spirit There is no permanent death and no reason for sorrow in a world in which we see the proof of Gods greatness in everything. regard how to see the world anew, rejoicing in the immense power of the Lord, that is without beginning and without end

The Relationship between Head Circumference and Recall of a List Words Essay Example for Free

The Relationship betwixt draw Circumference and Rec wholly of a List Words EssayABSTRACTThis laboratory taste and report aims on identifying whether witpower electric circuit has a evidential relationship with the recall of enumerate of langu duration. In this experiment, the researcher has asked 80 (68 young-bearing(prenominal)s and 12 males) students to participate in the experiment and each were given a meet to memorise the 30 terminology provided by the researcher. Beca part of the incomplete response of some participants and extreme values, the researcher opted to single-valued function only 61 females and 7 males (68 participants) in the data analysis. Through the use of the SPSS, the arena has set up that at that place is a weak corroboratory coefficient of correlational statistics amongst the cardinal given variants. This means that the recalling skills of the participants are significantly relevant with their gaffer circuit or organize surfa ce.INTRODUCTIONCognitive psychology is the field of how the fountainhead processes information. In more e reallyday terms, it is ab come forward(p) the mental processes involved in acquiring and making use of knowledge and experience gained from our senses (Esgate, 2004). The main processes involved in cognition are perception, learning, storage storage, retrieval and thinking, all of which are terms that are utilize in everyday speech and therefore already beaten(prenominal) to virtually people.In some research studies, there has been evidence among elderly people with larger head size function better on tests of cognitive function (Reynolds et al, 1999). As noted by psychologists, an mature head size or circumference is considered to give an appropriate estimate for maximal attained brain circumference (Wickett et al., 2000), such findings have been inferred as a supporting evidence of the theory which optimal neurological wear outment in early phases of life can provide barrier against pathological activities that can mould cognitive performance as they reached their old age ( shit, 2002).However, as the size of the head is relevant to light test scores among young adults, psychologists have noted some possible relations which have been found between head circumference and the cognitive function in elderly people (Deary et al., 2000).In mental process, some psychologists are trying to determine the relationship between head circumference and recall of a list terminology. In a break down conducted by Gale, Walton and Matyn (2003) which investigated the cognitive function of elderly people and head circumferences, they have concluded that there is no relationship between cognitive function (memory recall) and head circumference.However, the study have also shown that people with larger head circumference as an adult gained comparatively high scores n the in supposeigence test on both testing events and were slight likely to develop a twiligh t in memory performance over the follow-up period in the study. single other hand, in a cross-sectional study conducted among 818 health older individuals, the researchers have found out that the head circumference is related to performance on global cognitive functioning, tests measuring intelligence and run of information processing. However, this study has revealed that head circumference or size has not been significantly related with memory functions (Tisserand et al, 2001).In this regard, the main goal of this paper is to conduct an analysis on the relationship of head circumference and recall of a list dustup. Thus, this study will work on the following possible action there is a significant relationship between the head circumference and recall of a list words.METHODThis study was conducted in order to assess the relationship of head circumference and recall of list words among students. In order to achieve the accusive of the study and to the hypothesis, the descripti ve method of research was utilized. The enjoyment of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to look for the cause or causes of a particular condition.The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to win first hand data from the respondents so as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study. According to Creswell (1994), the descriptive method of research is to gather information about the present existing condition. In terms of approach, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The quantitative approach focuse on obtaining numerical findings was used with the laboratory experiments.The correlation research refers to studies in which the purpose is to discover relationships between variables through the use of correlation statistics (r). The square of a correlation coefficient yields the explained variance (r-squ ared). A correlational relationship between two variables is on occasion the result of an outside source, so we have to be careful and remember that correlation does not needfully tell us about cause and effect. If a strong relationship is found between two variables, using an experimental approach can test causality.To assess the strength of relationship between variables, it is Copernican to get the correlation coefficient, which can take on any value between -1 and +1, since this will tell the strength of the relationship between two ranked or quantifiable variables (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 363).Accordingly, a value of +1 represents a perfect positive correlation, which means that the two variables are exactly related, where, as the values of i variable increase, values of the other variable will increase. Conversely, a value of -1 shows a perfect oppose correlation, which also means that the two variables are exactly related, only this time, as the values of one variable in crease, that of the other decreases. Finally, correlation coefficients between +1 and -1 stand for weaker positive and negative correlations, and a value of 0 means that the variables are completely independent from each other. tabularise 1 Values of CorrelationTo helper the researcher in the statistical analysis of the collect data, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used. SPSS is one of the most widely available and powerful statistical software packages that covers a broad range of statistical procedures, which allows a researcher to summarise data (e.g., compute means and standard deviations), determine whether there are significant differences between groups (e.g., t-tests, analysis of variance), examine relationships among variables (e.g., correlation, multiple regression), and graph results (e.g., bar charts, line graphs) (Einstein and Abernethy, 2000).PARTICIPANTSTo gather pertinent information, the students were elect as the respondents or particip ants for this laboratory study. The participants of this study composed of 68 females and 12 males. However, only 61 female students and seven males were considered to be analysed due to incomplete responses and extreme values.MATERIALSFor this study, the experiment has used 30 words which has been shown among the elect students. Note that the words used ranges from 3-letter words to 4-letter words and have one and two syllables. The data gathered using these words, will determine whether there is a significant relationship between head size or circumference and recall of list words.PROCEDURETo achieve the objective of the study, the head circumference or size of the students were measured. The measurement of head circumference ranges from 53-62. In this study, the students/participants were asked to read or memorize 30 words which have been given preceding(prenominal). After which the students have asked to mention what words did they recall and the researcher lists the number of words mentioned by the respondents. The scores of the students and the measure of their circumference were used for the analysis of the correlation.RESULTSignificant Relations of Head Circumference and Recall Using SPSS, the descriptive statistics and correlation of the variables were analysed. The result of the analysis were shown in tables and diagrams below.Descriptive Statistics hedge 2MeanStd. DeviationNHead Circumference57.0152.0668Recalled List of Words16.873.54CorrelationsTable 3Head CircumferenceRecalled List of WordsHead CircumferencePearson CorrelationSign (2-Tailed )N1.68**.315000.68Recalled List of WordsPearson CorrelationSign (2-Tailed )N315.**000.681.68**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)number 1Scattered DiagramFigure 2DISCUSSIONGiven the data gathered from the laboratory experiment, analysis shows that the average of the head size of the students is 57.015 and the recalled words mean average is 16.87 out of 30 words. The correlations table displ ays Pearson correlation coefficients, significance values, and the number of cases with non-missing values. Pearson correlation coefficients assume the data are normally distributed. The Pearson correlation coefficient is a measure of linear association between two variables.Basically, the values of the correlation coefficient range from -1 to 1. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship (positive or negative). The secure value of the coefficient of correlation signifies the strength, with larger absolute values showing stronger relationships. The correlation coefficients on the main one-sided are always 1.0, because each variable has a perfect positive linear relationship with itself. Correlations above the main diagonal are a mirror image of those below.In our data, the correlation coefficient for head circumference (independent) and recall from lists of words (dependent) is 0.315. Since 0.315 is relatively close to 1 or -1 this indicate s that head circumference (independent) is weak positive correlated with the recall of list of words (dependent).The significance of each correlation coefficient is also displayed in the correlation table. The significance level (or p-value) is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the one observed. If the significance level is very small (less than 0.05) then the correlation is significant and the two variables are linearly related. If the significance level is relatively large, for example, 0.50, then the correlation is not significant and the two variables are not linearly related. In this result, since the p-value is less than 0.05, then the two variables are not significantBased on the given data, it has been found out that head circumference has a weak positive relation with the recall of lists words. In this regard, the research accepts the hypothesis that there is a significant relationship between head circumference and recall of lists of words among students. In the scattered diagram, it can be said that there is a vague relationship between the two variables. In this regard, it can be said that head size of the students may affect the number of words recalled by the students.CONCLUSIONBased on the findings of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the instrument used in this study as well as the method used to achieve its primary objective has been efficient and effective. The findings have shown that the head size or circumference of the students who took part of the study have a weak positive relation with the number of words they recalled out of 30 words provided by the researcher. This study further concluded that the memory function of an individual can be measured through the head circumference or head size of such individual.ReferenceCreswell, J.W. (1994). Research design. Qualitative and quantitative approaches. thou Oaks, California Sage.Deary IJ, Whalley LJ, Lemmon H, Crawford JR, Starr JM (2000). The stability of indivi dual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey. Intelligence 28 4955Esgate, A. et al (2004). An introduction to apply cognitive psychology. Psychology Press. Hove, England.Gale, CR, Walton, S and Martyn, CN (2003). Foetal and postnatal head growth and risk of cognitive decline in old age. Brain, Vol. 126, No. 10, 2273-2278,Reynolds MD, Johnston JM, Dodge HH, DeKosky ST, Ganguli M. (1999). Small head size is related to low Mini-Mental defer Examination scores in a community sample of nondemented older adults. Neurology 53 2289.Stern Y. (2000). What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 8 44860Tisserand, DJ, Bosma, H, wagon train Boxtel, MPJ and Jolles, J. (2001). Head size and cognitive ability in nondemented older adults are related. Neurology 56969-971Wickett JC, Vernon PA, lee side DH. Relationships between factors of intelligence and brain volume. Personal ity Individual Difference 29 1095122.

The American image of Thanksgiving Essay Example for Free

The American image of grace of God EssayThe American image of Thanks freehanded is much different from the historical facts. The American vision is a big happy celebration with many multitude sitting or so a long, wooden table. This, sadly, is not historically accurate at all. In this essay I will explain the authoritative Americans Thanksgiving story as well as the historically accurate version. Today, Thanksgiving in America consists of big family gatherings, plentiful food, and giving thanks. One of the more obvious differences between the current Thanksgiving and the first on is the food. Today, everyone has an electric oven to bake breads, pies, and cakes. In the early American days electricity had not been invented yet.This meant that cooking m waste was long, tedious, and over a fire. The early pilgrims and Native Americans had no way to bake all the foods we have today. In the earlier days, the people would hunt their food. The first Thanksgiving probably consisted of wild turkey, deer, fowl, and fish. This is very different from the big, farm-raised, store-bought turkeys that sit on our tables today. If you ask any elementary student, they will describe Thanksgiving as many happy pilgrims and Indians around a big table with plenty of food to go around. This, again, is incorrect. The Native Americans and pilgrims were quite antipathetic during this time. several(prenominal) pilgrims had died by cause of disease and malnutrition. Many of the Native Americans had also been killed off because of Indian raids from the pilgrims.Some fragments of the current Americans story of the first Thanksgiving are correct. The famous Native American, Squanto did help the pilgrims unwrap how to plant food. He was there, helping create peace between the two groups of people. The pilgrims were very thankful for Squanto and his help, as we give thanks today. The meal eaten at the first Thanksgiving was similar to the Thanksgiving meal we eat today, with few diff erences. They ate wild turkey, along with other hunted meat and vegetables.The differences between the Americans view of the first Thanksgiving and the historically accurate version are abundant. The pilgrims and Native Americans were very hostile toward each other at the time of the first Thanksgiving. Food was not as plentiful as it seems. There were far lesspeople than thought at the first Thanksgiving due to disease, malnourishment, and Indian raids.

Small Basic and Programming Essay Example for Free

belittled elemental and weapons platformming EssayComputer planming is defined as the process of creating figurer packet using scheduleming vocabularys. Just like we speak and understand English or Spanish or French, calculators fuck understand curriculums written in certain languages. These be c solelyed chopineming languages. In the beginning on that point were fair a hardly a(prenominal) programming languages and they were rightfully easy to learn and comprehend. But as computing machines and software package became more and more sophisticated, programming languages evolved fast, gathering more complex concepts along the way. As a turn up most modern programming languages and their concepts are pretty ch anyenging to grasp by a beginner. This concomitant has started discouraging people from learning or attempting ready reckoner programming. humbled grassroots is a programming language that is designed to make programming extremely easy, approachable and fun for beginners. Small Basics intention is to bring down the barrier and serve as a stepping stone to the amazing world of computer programming.The Small Basic EnvironmentLet us start with a quick introduction to the Small Basic Environment. When you runner launch SmallBasic, you will check a window that looks like the following figure. intention 1 The Small Basic EnvironmentThis is the Small Basic Environment, where well save and run our Small Basic programs. This environment has several distinct elements which are identified by numbers. The Editor, identified by 1 is where we will spare our Small Basic programs. When you open a sample program or a previously deliver program, it will show up on this editor in chief. You ass then modify it and save if for subsequent use. You potful also open and work with more than one program at one time. Each program you are working with will be displayed in a separate editor. The editor that contains the program you are currently work ing with is called the active editor. The Toolbar, identified by 2 is used to issue commands either to the active editor or the environment. Well learn about the various commands in the toolbar as we go. The Surface, identified by 3 is the place where all the editor windows go.Our stolon ProgramNow that you are familiar with the Small Basic Environment, we will go ahead and start programming in it. Like we just noted above, the editor is the place where we write our programs. So lets go ahead and type the following line in the editor. TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello ball)This is our first off Small Basic program. And if you have typed it correctly, you should see something similar to the figure below. attend 2 First ProgramNow that we have typed our new program, lets go ahead and run it to see what happens. We can run our program either by clicking on the Run notwithstandington on the toolbar or by using the shortcut key, F5 on the keyboard. If e precisething goes well, our program should run with the result as shown below.Figure 3 First Program OutputCongratulations You have just written and run the first Small Basic program. A very small and simple program, but nevertheless a big step towards fitting a real computer programmer Now, theres just one more lucubrate to cover before we go on to create bigger programs. We have to understand what just happened what on the nose did we declare the computer and how did the computer know what to do? In the next chapter, well analyze the program we just wrote, so we can gain that understanding.As you typed your first program, you might have noticed that a popup appeared with a list of items (Figure 4). This is called intellisense and it helps you type your program faster. You can traverse that list by pressing the Up/ nap arrow keys, and when you find something you want, you can hit the Enter key to insert the selected item in your program.Figure 4 IntellisenseSaving our programIf you want to close Small Basic an d come back later to work on the program you just typed, you can save the program. It is in fact a veracious practice to save programs from time to time, so that you dont lose information in the casing of an accidental shutdown or a power failure. You can save the current program by either clicking on the save icon on the toolbar or by using the shortcut Ctrl+S (press the S key while holding down the Ctrl key).Chapter 2Understanding Our First ProgramWhat really is a computer program?A program is a set of operating instructions for the computer. These instructions tell the computer precisely what to do, and the computer always follows these instructions. Just like people, computers can only follow instructions if specified in a language they can understand. These are called programming languages. There are very many languages that the computer can understand and Small Basic is one. Imagine a conversation possibility between you and your friend. You and your friends would use mann er of speaking, organized as sentences to convey information back and forth. Similarly, programming languages contain collections of words that can be organized into sentences that convey information to the computer.And programs are basically sets of sentences (sometimes just a few and sometimes many thousands) that together make sense to both the There are many languages that the computer programmer and the computer alike. can understand. Java, C++, Python, VB, etc. are all powerful modern computer languages that Small Basic Programs are used to develop simple to complex software A regular Small Basic program consists of a bunch programs. of rumors. Every line of the program represents a statement and every statement is an instruction for the computer. When we ask the computer to execute a Small Basic program, it conceives the program and reads the first statement. It understands what were trying to say and then executes our instruction. Once its done executing our first stateme nt, it comes back to the program and reads and executes the second line. It continues to do so until it reaches the end of the program. That is when our program finishes.Back to Our First Program here is the first program we wrote TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello World) This is a very simple program that consists of one statement. That statement tells the computer to write a line of text which is Hello World, into the Text Window. It literally translates in the computers mind to Write Hello World You might have already noticed that the statement can in turn be crosscurrent into smaller segments much like sentences can be split into words. In the first statement we have 3 distinct segments a) TextWindow b) WriteLine c) Hello World The dot, parentheses and the quotes are all punctuations that have to be placed at appropriate positions in the statement, for the computer to understand our intent. You might think of the black window that appeared when we ran our first program.That black wind ow is called the TextWindow or sometimes referred to as the Console. That is where the result of this program goes. TextWindow, in our program, is called an object. There are a number of such objects available for us to use in our programs. We can perform several different operations on these objects. Weve already used theWriteLine operation in our program. You might also have noticed that the WriteLine operation is followed by Hello World inside quotes. This text is passed as input Punctuations such as quotes, spaces and to the WriteLine operation, which it then prints parenthesis are very important in a computer out to the user. This is called an input to the program. Based on their position and count, operation. Some operations take one or more they can change the meaning of what is being inputs while others dont take any expressed.Our Second ProgramNow that you have understood our first program, lets go ahead and make it fancier by adding some colors. TextWindow.ForegroundColor = Yellow TextWindow.WriteLine(Hello World)Figure 5 Adding colorizeWhen you run the above program, youll notice that it prints out the same Hello World phrase inside TextWindow, but this time it prints it out in yellow instead of the gray that it did earlier.Figure 6 Hello World in YellowNotice the new statement we added to our original program. It uses a new word, ForegroundColor which we equated to a prise of Yellow. This means weve assigned Yellow to ForegroundColor. Now, the difference between ForegroundColor and the operation WriteLine is that ForegroundColor did not take any inputs nor did it requisite any parenthesis. Instead it was followed by an equals to symbol and a word. We define ForegroundColor as a Property of TextWindow. Here is a list of values that are valid for the ForegroundColor property. Try replacing Yellow with one of these and see the results dont forget the quotes, they are required punctuations.

What automation does Essay Example for Free

What automation does EssayOffice automation is one of the closely grave step towards the increment of a better operations environment (Endrijjonas, 2005). Automation is considered a certainly way to the development of a better operational environment and is often associated with increased productivity. Automating an office just is not enough in ensuring this as the hu soldiery aspect and contribution in automation is considerable. It is necessity for humans to intervene in any machine- pictureled process as machines are created by man and are therefore bound to err. Moreover, the implementation of an automated office environment largely depends on the pedagogics streams that the musical arrangement has been programmed with and is thus heavily dependent on the disposition of the physical compositions operations. Automation is seen as a authority to ease the work load. The office environment is one of the most tedious environment one flowerpot be in. The number of pro cesses required for the functioning of an office make it difficult to implement a manual of arms musical arrangement. Therefore, an automated governance does the same work in an environment that provide multiple functionality and at a speed that no ordinary man can ever achieve.Thus, the workload is managed more efficiently as the accuracy associated with the use of machines is higher than that of a manual system. Moreover, machines are seen as a means to the liquidation of repetitive processes, and therefore the available human resource is used optimally. The overall result of the implementation of an automated system is efficiency in the operations process, which lead to optimal motion and thus increased performance which is seen in high throughput. One of the most misunderstood aspect of office automation is that the creation of a new system or tool is mandatory.This is a fallacy as there are instances where a wise selection of the available tools is all that is needed. Moreo ver, automation may imply the development and improvement of the brisk system tools. Advantages Of building There are several pros associated with building office automation software from scratch. The nature of the organization plays an important part in the determination of the advantage that the organization depart accrue as a result of such a decision. Building is defined as coming up with a new system from scratch or from the system that is currently in place.Therefore, building is an initiative that will take place in the organization for a considerable time period and should therefore be monitored well within the organizational context. Economic One of the major consideration that an organization has to make in consideration of the development path in coming up with an automated Helpdesk support system is economic growth (Endrijjonas, 2005). The main aim of any business is making profits so as to engage in developmental and diversification agenda.The economic benefits accru ed by the implementation of a system is thus a major consideration in deciding whether to choose or buy. When an organization builds a help desk support system, the organization from the first day of implementation becomes the owner of the system. Therefore, its asset base increases and so does the constancy. This trend continues and any additional features added to the system will not only improve the efficiency of the system but in addition ensure that the organization grows.Therefore, the approach ensures that the organization grows at a level that is sustainable in consideration of its resource base. Furthermore, the need for additional funding, expertise and support from outside sources is eliminated or trim down by building. The needs of organizations may change, and they often do considerably. An important consideration in ensuring the growth of an organization is the effective address of their needs as at the time of occurrence (Grabbe, 2007). Industry and market trends a re not the easiest aspect of business to predict as they are influenced by factors that are beyond the control of man.As a result the nature of an organizations need for automation is quite dynamic. A problem of this nature definitely requires a solution that befits, building an automated Helpdesk support system goes in strain with dynamism. Building ensures that the system meets its objectives. Learning and development of technical staff is a consideration in development the IT staff in developing the system get first hand knowledge and experience in developing and thus gain skills which will lead to better delivery by the automated system. transmute is an aspect that is not easily accepted not only by humans but also by particles. According to Newton resisting change is normal for any particle, the psychological effect of change causes a general resistance (Kenyon, 2001). Therefore, organizations are often advised to implement changes in a gradual modality so as to ensure that a ll members of the organization are in line with the changes and thus identical growth is experienced.Implementing an automated system is a change process and any organization should treat it one. Building an automation software goes in line with this and is thus appropriate is therefore appropriate. This is a very important consideration as the effect of a poorly managed change process on the economic stability of an organization is far much worse and often offsets the benefits and is a situation that any organization should go at any length to avoid.Cultural Organizational cultivation is cultivated for a number of years. changing the culture as a means to development takes a number of years (Endrijjonas, 2005). Failure to bear the correlation of a strategy to corporate culture and the effect they have on each separate is a source of failure of many project. Automation of office Helpdesk services is no exception and therefore all organizations must adopt a positive attitude tow ards the development of a culture friendly approach.

How do you respond to Shakespeares presentation Essay Example for Free

How do you respond to Shakespeares presentation EssayThe theme of fathers and sons, and responsibilities and obligations placed on sons, by fathers, is arguably one of the to a greater extent important themes in the play. Shakespeare puts forward three main interpretations of father and son relationships, and each hires out enkindle viewpoints about responsibilities and obligations for the reader. The first father and son relationship that Shakespeare presents is that of settlement and his father, old Hamlet. In the encounter surrounded by Hamlet and the ghost of his father, Hamlet has the office of revenge thrust upon him, and he tricknot reject it, List, list, O, listIf railyard didst ever thy dear father love If thou hast nature in thee, bear it not. Shakespeare presents old Hamlet as being pathetic and incapable of avenging himself. The ghost, therefore, does not incite Hamlets initiative by instilling idolise in him, but rather through putting him in a guilt-trap, m aking Hamlet find that he is somehow obliged to carry out the vengeful murder in place of his father, as the ghost cannot attend to it himself. In my opinion, this accomplishmention, on the part of the ghost, was the final push that caused Hamlet to fall into his spare madness. Hamlet was obviously moved by the ghosts words.And thy commandment all alone shall live Within the harbour and volume of my brain, Unmixed with baser matter. This was very largely unfair of the ghost of his father, on Hamlet, enthusiastic though he seemed at first. It placed an unnaturally large amount of pressure on Hamlet, having to commit such a daunting act, however justified it may concur seemed. Shakespeare emphasizes the effect of this action in Hamlets life, in the numerous incidences and soliloquys where Hamlet just muses, thinks the situation out and talks about it, but can never bring himself to rattling do whateverthing about the revenge.In the relationship of Laertes and Polonius, there i s not so oftentimes responsibility placed on Laertes by Polonius, as there is nagging and nitpicking about the demeanor that Laertes should present himself and the way he should live his life when he is overseas. In this experience, the responsibilities being placed on Laertes are those of keeping in his fathers will and rule, and maintaining a frank name for himself. At the point in the play, in act I. 3, Polonius is displayed by Shakespeare as just another normal father, or maybe more appropriately, a mother, who is towering of his son, but inquires to remind him to keep a good image all the same.This bestowing of responsibility can be considered to be only natural for any father to do. However, in act II. 1, we see that Polonius is actually quite obsessed with the idea that his son might bring shame to Polonius, and goes to the extents of sending a emissary keep a watch on Laertes, and even muddy his name, so that he does not tug too comfortable. But breath his faults so quaintly that they may seem The taints of liberty, the flash and outbreak of a fiery Mind I saw him enter a house of sale,Videlicet, a brothel, or so forth. Polonius even goes to extents of dishonouring so that he may retain his own honour, which is a rather strange sense of logic. In this sense, it can be said that Polonius places responsibility on his son just to save himself any possible shame. This is rather selfish on the part of Polonius, but it is in accordance with Shakespeares illustration of Poloniuss denotation as being that of a conniving, scheming, slightly evil old man that you might feel worrisome for.In the relationship of young Fortinbras and his foster-father, or father-figure, old Norway, we see, again, a normal attitude of a recruit toward their child. When Fortinbrass plans for an attack on Claudiuss realm are found out by Norway, he immediately admonishes the brainish firebrand of a youth and prevents him from doing so. When Fortinbras indicates that he doe snt actually want to go along with the attack, Norway forgives him and even allows him to take a shit on with to Denmark on peaceful terms. In this sense, old Norway is teaching Fortinbras the responsibility of thinking clearly and not playing rashly or whimsically.On the whole, Shakespeare presents the responsibilities and obligations placed on the sons, by their fathers, in Hamlet, as ways for the fathers to get what they want. In the oddball of Hamlet and the ghost, it is for the ghosts want of revenge and justice for a murder most foul, without much thought as to the effects of the deed, and even the contemplation of the deed, in the fiber of Hamlet, on him. In the case of Laertes and Polonius, it is a selfish and unwarranted want to save his own face from any shame that Laertes need not necessarily have caused in the first place.In the case of Norway and Fortinbras, it is the want to maintain good diplomatic relations and the prevention of unnecessary quarrels. In all case s except the diplomatic one, the fathers in motion were rather selfish and self-centered in thinking of ways to get their sons to do their bidding. In the case of Norway and Fortinbras, it was done for diplomatic reasons, but it was still to save the bed-ridden Norways old skin. This gives a rather negative picture of father figures and what they tell their children to do.Possibly, Shakespeare chose to illustrate these aspects of fatherhood the way that he did because it was his own interpretation of responsibilities and obligations set wad by fathers, maybe drawn from his own bad experiences with his own father during his younger days. Hamlet, as a play, could be then seen to be a Shakespearean self-help guide on How to know what is right to do as a father by knowing what is wrong to do as a father, and it could have been a lesson to all the bad fathers out there who use manipulate their sons as they would a purposeless henchman.

Advertising And The Sales Promotional Schemes

Advertising And The Sales promotional SchemesThe advertisement done today is far more contrasting then the old era. Now, the emergence of stark naked technology, the growth in the internet usage, rapidly changing environment, changing way of communications, fragmentation of mass grocerys, ontogeny economies, and globalization has changed the overall selling to substance abuse different other communication spiritualists and techniques with the old ones ( brand-newspapers, TV and Radio). any day we be bombarded with different announce messages whether it is on the radio while were driving to work, on tv during our favorite programs, or in magazines and newspapers. Advertising has entered e truly ara of our lives, and many of us lease to prune it on many occasions. This might cause one to ask, can advertising and promotional efforts still argon legal if people be so saturated with in sortingation?The answer is yes, advertising and promotions can be hard-hitting if used properly for driveing the make up consumer. One of the main rules in advertising has always been to throttle message simple and agree equal and repeat it practically. It has been lay downn that people remember advertising if they see it with great frequency, which explains wherefore while watching hours of television one may see the same advertisement two or even three times even more. That way the message entrust positioned in ones mind.Integrated selling CommunicationOne of the more or less Copernican aspects of advertising and promoting a growth or service is consistency. Companies determine the consistency of their message by coordinating all of their promotional activities. This coordination of activities into a system or strategical plan is referredas integrated marketing communications (IMC). IMC creates a unified message and enhances the effectiveness of stretchability the target consumer. Firms leave aloneing create one message that will be used consistent ly through come out a marketing campaign. It is important that the promotional strategy to a fault be in alignment with the organizational goals.There ar three major aspects of an IMC plan-ResearchCreative AspectsImplementation.Research and analysis argon used to find the best way to design the produce or service the most effective message and media to use and the best means to distribute the ingathering or service at the optimum price. The creative aspect is the actual advertising, copywriting and designing of promotional materials. Implementation is the act of putting the plan together, creating a strategy and seeing it through. Planning an integrated marketing communications plan also means decision target market determining what is unique about the product offering or service providing constructing a positioning strategy for product or service deciding what the best message would be for product and choosing the best marketing mix in relation to allowed marketing budget.Ide ally an effective IMC campaign will differentiate the product or service from a competitors generate a flow of leads be consistent with and support the overall differentiateing strategy cause the company to have a more gravid place in the market. Communicate the companys experience and knowledge and help to retain existing nodes.The publicityal miscellaneaThe promotional mix is the use of different advertising and communication channels in a incorporated way to run an effective marketing campaign. These coordinated campaigns are part of an effective integrated marketing communications plan. The four main rules of promotion within the mix are-AdvertisingSales packagingPersonal SellingPublic RelationsThe most important grammatical constituent in determining the optimal mix is identifying the target market. This can be determined through extensive market research. Once a company knows its target market it can then research its use of various media outlets in rate to come up wit h the best combination of marketing materials to reach the defined target. For physical exertion if the target market is stay-at-home moms, an organization might find that television advertisements during certain daytime television shows are most effective for reaching them. If the target market is a young professional, the trafficker might find that apply billboards in a downtown commercial district and morning drive time radio advertisements are effective for acquire the message to this target market. The size of the promotional budget will greatly charm the chosen mix as well. telly advertising can be very costly and accordingly may not be a feasible option for a company with a littler marketing budget at least not during prime viewing hours on major networks. oft the come of bullion a firm spends on promotional activities will be affected by the product demeanor cycle general economic conditions and the competition. The promotional mix may involve a company coordinati ng its loyalty program with advertising campaigns and a promotional deal.AdvertisingAdvertising is paying(a) communication brought to audiences through different forms of media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines and billboards. A company uses advertising to inform, persuade or remind its target market of its products or services. Comparative advertising is used to differentiate a companys products in the marketplace from other similar products. For example The Pepsi Challenge campaign was a form of comparative advertising in which consumers were asked to take blind taste tests to see if they could tell the difference between the products. Coca-Cola uses reminder ads to show us how refreshing the beverage can be on a hot day.1.4. Different strong point of Advertising and Sales PromotionAdvertising MediumsThere are advantages and disadvantages to each media type and when selecting the advertising mediums to use companies must understand who their target audience is and which the most effective manner for reaching them is. Marketers must be able to divide their budgets among the various media resources in line of battle of magnitude to stretch them the farthest to reach the most customers.TelevisionTelevision advertising is the leading medium for reaching Indian audiences. Although a very expensive form of advertising, television ads reach the largest percentage of the Indian population at once and can be very appealing due to their visual nature as well as their sound.TV ads can be classified into national, local, and cablegram advertisements. The type of network chosen will depend on which audience the marketer is trying to reach. If the advertisement is for a local restaurant the company may choose to advertise notwithstanding on local stations or in local ad space on cable channels or national networks. The time an advertisement is shown is also an important decision that companies must ferment in army to reach the target audience. Budg etary constraints will also be a factor in choosing time slots for advertisements. fool AdvertisementsAdvertising in newspapers and magazines is another way of reaching customers with a companys message. Print ads are effective because of their visual quality and can be run in many different types of publications. Marketers selling products or services to consumers may choose national publications such as India Today or local newspapers such as the Times of India and Hindustan Times. Businesses trying to sell products or services to other businesses will practically advertise in trade publications of the industries they are trying to reach. Companies may also target alter publications for example a new computer product may be advertised in PC World or another specialty technology publication. Print ads have a longer life than electronic media ads and are good for telling a story about the value of a product or service.RadioAlthough lacking the visual appeal radio can be an effecti ve medium for reaching target consumers. The average radio listener tunes in for three hours a day and often on a regular basis. When victimization radio advertisements in marketing mix it is necessity to soak up sure that the company and product or service is clearly identified. As with television it is also necessary to find the right station for advertising to the target consumer. If your service is a bar for college students you may choose to advertise in the evenings on a college station or an alternative rock station and if your target audience is senior citizens you may advertise on news stations or a conversation show.InternetThe Internet has become an important electronic medium and its interactive quality is unique. It permits immediacy of buy and a high level of convenience. It can be personalized and individualized. The Internet and the World Wide tissue are becoming essential tools in an integrated marketing plan and effective tools in sustaining customer loyalty a nd satisfaction.Direct MailMailing advertisements or promotions directly to peoples homes is another commonly used method of reaching consumers. Direct mail campaigns can be expensive due to muging and postage cost but these campaigns can be effective if the mailings reach the right consumers. Often companies will purchase lists of consumers or collect data themselves to build a mailing list. The people on these lists will then be sent targeted mailings.TelemarketingThe utilization of telemarketing has been greatly affected in India by the recent carrying out of the national Do Not Call registry, where millions of Indians signed up to have their telephone numbers take away from telemarketer lists. Internationally however regulations regarding telemarketing vary and it may still be a very effective method of reaching consumers. The downside of telemarketing is that most people do not like the invasiveness of being called at home though unfortunately many mass marketers find the ri sk of offending non receptive households is process by the effective results and benefits from these marketing methods.Outdoor and Out of HomeThe majority of outdoor advertising rupees are spent on billboards. Billboards are a normal way of reaching commuters and consumers in a individual geographic location. Other forms of outdoor advertising known as out of home include sports sphere ads, bus shelter posters, or signage on buses and taxis.Advertising TrendsA very popular way of getting a message across is using celebrity endorsements. Advertising companies are willing to pay money in order to hire celebrities to represent their soils. Celebrities are part of an advertising message and campaign. Of course using a celebrity spokesperson can be a risk. When choosing a celebrity to endorse products, it is important to find an appropriate match with the product or service. The relationship should be believable. It is also important that the celebrities endorsing the product be cr edible. They should either have expertise in the field or be trustworthy characters.SponsorshipsThis is a well-used form of promotion and advertising that allows the company to buy into a sporting event or activity. The amount of investment in a sponsorship can range from an athletic company supporting a college sports police squad by providing them with brand-name uniforms in order to promote the brand to a company sponsoring a cricket game. For example Pepsi and Coke use to take sponsorship of cricket time to time.InfomercialsAnother trend in advertising is the infomercial. This is an all-inclusive television advertisement and usually runs at off peak hours or on lower-budget television or cable networks. Infomercials are usually at least a half hour long. Some of the most popular items that are sold through infomercials are fitness videos, skin care products and kitchenware. Often they will feature celebrity endorsements and offer products that cannot be purchased in stores. Th eir low-budget appearance and late-night showing often condition infomercials. Once the consumer is convinced to purchase the product he or she will then be able to call and order the product over the telephone generating a direct response to the infomercial.Sales PromotionSales promotion consists of many activities used to sell products. They are activities that give consumers a short-term inducing to make a purchase. Sales promotions are also activities that change the price and value relationship of a product as perceived by the target audience with the contingent effect of generating immediate sales. It is possible that a sales promotion can also alter the long term value of the brand by making what might be a premium product more affordable.Sales promotions are generally time-bound programs that require participation on the part of the consumer through either immediate purchase or some other action. The fundamental goals of sales promotion are tactical, strategic and ultimat e. The tactical goals are to assail a competitors increase in market share to combat other competitors promotional efforts and to move brands that are either declining, overstocked, damaged or not selling fast enough. The strategic goals are to motivate consumers to convert from a rival brand to increase product consumption to reinforce the marketing communications efforts for the brand and to motivatebrand loyalty. The ultimate goal of a sales promotion is to increase sales, profits and market share. There are different channels for sales promotions which include consumer promotions and trade promotions.Consumer PromotionsConsumer promotions are geared toward getting consumers to try a companys products. Some examples of consumer promotion activities include coupons, rebates, sampling, sweepstakes, point-of-purchase displays and special packs.CouponsWhether we cut coupons from newspapers and magazines or getting them in the mail, coupons are a very popular form of sales promotion . They are very effective in particular in economic downturns for luring people into restaurants or causing them to make repeat purchases of products. E-coupons are another popular form of sales promotion they are extremely effective for luring in customers and are redeemed by 57 percent of the people who click on them. The most popular uses of e-coupons are for sales of groceries, books and wellness and music products. The disadvantage of coupons is that they do not encourage brand loyalty most consumers who use coupons on a regular basis are willing to switch brands if there is a better discount available.RebatesRebates are partial refunds that are offered by the manufacturers. Often manufacturers will use mail-in rebates as incentives for purchasing. The consumer must purchase the product at in full price and then fill out paperwork and mail in the receipt in order to possess some money back. Rebate programs allow marketers to promote a companys product at a decrease poster b ate price also called MRP offering a substantial savings to its customers but also requiring that a set of conditions be met to qualify.SamplingCompanies will often send or return out samples of products in order to attract customers who may not have purchased their products otherwise. Beverage companies may target college students and hand out soft drinks on campuses, or a food company may set up a stand in a grocery store so that consumers can sample their new chips. You may even receive a trial bottle of shampoo in the mail or you may remember receiving the India Online (IOL) CD in the mail offering 100 free hours of Internet access. These are all examples of sampling, and the intention of these promotions is to introduce a new product or service to a consumer in order to generate brand loyalty. Sampling can be a costly method of attracting customers and it often results in wasted distribution however it can be a very effective method for getting consumers to switch brands.Sweep stakes and ContestsSweepstakes and contests are another strategy of sales promotion. Data will be equanimous from consumers and they will be entered to win a prize. Companies can use the information that they collect from entrants in order to develop a mailing list for future promotional campaigns. Organizations must be sure to print all the guidelines for their sweepstakes or contests in order to avoid legal entanglements. Some of the guidelines companies should follow in order to put on a successful sweepstakes promotion include the following-Clarify who is eligible show up states where the promotion is not validDeclare the termination date of the promotionClarify random selective service proceduresCompanies should also detail the prizes disclose the odds of winning declare a deadline for entry and reserve the right to use winners names and photographs for publicity.Point-of-Purchase DisplaysPoint-of-purchase (POP) promotional materials are displays that are set up in stores in order to prominently display products. At a grocery store a POP is usually set in front of the store, at the end of an aisle, in the aisle or on the shelf. POP displays are very successful due to the fact that many people make last-minute purchasing decisions. packSometimes companies bundle products together in order to promote a new product or to encourage consumers to try a complementary product such as a free fiddling conditioner bundled with a shampoo purchase or a free disposable razor with a splinter cream purchase. A company may also offer a bonus pack or a special pack with 20 percent more in order to encourage a customer to purchase a product.Give a waysAnother strategy used by companies is that of special promotional items to be given away. These may be hats or T-shirts advertising the company or brand. For example, many times credit cardAdvertising